The day that the company claims there is no more room in the budget, and I can't see any realistic chance of progression, is the day I start looking for a new job.
Generally speaking, the easiest way to secure a decent pay-rise is to change companies. However, most companies have some kind of appraisal system in place - don't be afraid to ask for a pay-rise. Most companies expect it, and are prepared to negotiate somewhat.
In the past year, I increased my salary by 50%. Know what you're worth, work out the average for your position and skillset, and demand it.
Working for a lower salary than the industry standard is not only bad for you, it's bad for the industry as a whole.