So much science work and analysis - all likely ruined by poor dietary controls. I skimmed the actual linked paper to see any details about the vegan vs meat rich diets and didn’t see any discussion whatsoever on that crucial part of the whole thing. I was very curious if they’d kept the protein, fat and carb proportions constant, or what even is the typical meat rich diet. Is it spam and sausage at every meal? Could…
I’m not sure you can just make a direct comparison between protein amounts, so that control may not work as you intend. As I understand it, your body metabolises dietary protein into amino acids, which it then uses to synthesise the protein it needs (that’s why even if you eat meat, your body isn’t made up of cow protein it’s made up of human protein). Meat eaters get most of their protein from meat and dairy product…
This happens with pretty much every dieting study. In fact the population of vegans is now less healthy on average as it's become more mainstream and more junk food products are aimed at vegans.