The article overlooks security implications from spyware, which is a huge problem not only for financial applications, but personal safety, too [0]. Per FTC, a stalkerware will: geo locate, read call list & record calls, read notifications, texts, & possibly emails, access gallery, camera, & files, and monitor network activity. [1] You could do all of those with "on-device adb" (in some cases, with just the appropria…
It is much easier for spyware to be installed as a device administrator, granted accessibility privileges, and then given every possible Android permission via AppOps as a one-time setup.
At that point, ADB no longer matters. The spyware is already configured and ready to run. Even if on-device ADB were patched, anyone with physical access to the phone would still be able to install and configure their spyware via a USB cable.
As for attacks without physical access, as explained in the article with the 3 scenario, this is neither practical nor realistic. It only affects a very small subset of users (primarily Android developers) under very specific circumstances and during limited time windows.