Guides like this explain why there are so many broken USB-C devices. The guide mentions that you do not need a PD chip for 5Vs, but then tells you that USB C is a cold connector meaning 0V is on VBUS when nothing is connected and jumps straight into the complexities of the PD protocol running over the CC pins instead of explaining how to get the 5V without the PD chip first. Then in the section where it tells you how…
Now I want to know, how to add larger than 10uF cap?
You need a soft-start circuit between the USB connector and your big cap. When you first connect the USB device, the cap has no charge (0V) so it appears as a short to ground to the host 5V supply. The result is a large current spike which can draw down the host supply below some functional threshold or even damage it. We could oversize the host supply to deal with a 25 A transient and add cost and introduce safety concerns or push the solution to the connecting device where the problem exists. The solution is to ramp the current up "slowly" over several ms using a transistor on the device side. While the transistor is turned on slowly, it isn't fully conducting, acting as a variable resistor. The transistor is dissipating power during this transition so it must be sized correctly and timing controlled deliberately. Hence why we want the same design to contain the cap, transistor, and ramp control. A typical circuit might be: connector->small cap->soft start->big cap->main circuit. The soft start feature is often just built into a voltage regulator since there's already a transistor and control circuitry there but you can also get a dedicated load switch if you only want ~5V. The 10uF requirement is a contractual agreement between host and device that ensures compatibility between devices. If you don't follow it, a sophisticated host may simply cut power when it sees the current spike and that would be the device's problem.