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An entire Herculaneum scroll has been read for the first time

scrollprize.org

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Re: An entire Herculaneum scroll has been read for the first time

#51
But wait, the work seems to be from the 2nd century, but it was buried during the Vesuvius eruption in the 1st century?

I love stuff like this because it gives a glimpse into Roman society. To me it seems like they were very similar to us today, forever contemplating learning, existence, gods.

Re: An entire Herculaneum scroll has been read for the first time

#52
post #49

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Yes, it's quite possible for ML to hallucinate ink, though it is on a much more local scale, like predicting a slightly longer stroke, filling in more of a character than is actually in the data, etc. Perhaps enough to change a reading of a character or show where ink isnt. It is difficult for ink detection to hallucinate grammatical and idiomatic greek and latin.

What is the input to the ML algorithm? Does it know the surrounding context so that it has a chance to deduce "if this stroke is slightly longer then the end result will be idiomatic greek and latin"?

The input is 3d chunks of reconstructed CT data from our scans. I can't remember the specifics but maybe enough voxels for .5mm^3 at a time or so? They're all available for free from https://registry.opendata.aws/vesuvius-challenge-herculaneum... . Our trained models are all available at https://huggingface.co/scrollprize

Re: An entire Herculaneum scroll has been read for the first time

#54

But wait, the work seems to be from the 2nd century, but it was buried during the Vesuvius eruption in the 1st century? I love stuff like this because it gives a glimpse into Roman society. To me it seems like they were very similar to us today, forever contemplating learning, existence, gods.

> places it in a Stoic context and dates it to the 2nd century _BC_.

Emphasis mine.

Re: An entire Herculaneum scroll has been read for the first time

#55

But wait, the work seems to be from the 2nd century, but it was buried during the Vesuvius eruption in the 1st century? I love stuff like this because it gives a glimpse into Roman society. To me it seems like they were very similar to us today, forever contemplating learning, existence, gods.

[deleted]

Re: An entire Herculaneum scroll has been read for the first time

#56
post #39

I am on the vesuvius challenge team that did the segmentation, unwrapping, and ink detection, so feel free to ask any questions.

Outstanding work! I've participated in the challenge, but didn't get far. One of the questions I had at the time was - if I'm going to use ML to detect ink, could it invent hallucinated letters, or even parts of text, and how to prevent that?

Not all machine learning is generative AI.

Re: An entire Herculaneum scroll has been read for the first time

#57
post #45

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Probably a lot more texts of Epicurean philosophy and not a whole lot else unfortunately according to my papyrologist friend.

Why would Epicurean philosophy be unfortunate? I was under the impression that there was almost nothing left of that school of thought, and that it’s writings had been destroyed. What would you like to have instead?

The unfortunate part is the lack of anything else therein, not that it's Epicurean philosophy.

Re: An entire Herculaneum scroll has been read for the first time

#59

Earlier quoted context omitted.

That's a tough one to give a strong estimate of. Some scrolls are easier or harder to unwrap and read for a multitude of different reasons, mostly due to how damaged the scroll was in the eruption, and how easy or not the ink is to read. IIRC from what we've scanned of the herculaneum collection, none of the ink is easily visible via spectrum alone, so we have to use a lot of ML and physically based rendering techniq…

Do we known what ink is used?

Most of the evidence so far points towards carbon based ink. I am not sure if any of the scrolls we have scanned show strong evidence of iron gall based ink. I know that there are different types and preparation methods for different carbon based inks, but I do not know if it is possible to determine which kind(s) were used solely from inspecting the xrays.

I am, though, not a papyrologist, so historical ink making, preparation, and usage are not my field.

Re: An entire Herculaneum scroll has been read for the first time

#60
post #56
post #39

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Outstanding work! I've participated in the challenge, but didn't get far. One of the questions I had at the time was - if I'm going to use ML to detect ink, could it invent hallucinated letters, or even parts of text, and how to prevent that?

Not all machine learning is generative AI.

True but like regular document scanning software there can be errors in detection.
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