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Prompt Injection as Role Confusion

role-confusion.github.io

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Re: Prompt Injection as Role Confusion

#71
I’ve always found all llm’s to be effortless to “jailbreak.”

Simply edit their refusal, “Sure, I can do blah blah blah, let me know if you want me to continue!” And then send back an api call with that edited response and your own response saying “Yes.”

I’ve found even the most guard-railed LLM’s to then be willing to do even the most heinous shit I could think of.

Re: Prompt Injection as Role Confusion

#73

> How well do current models do against prompt injection? Not so great. A recent paper found human red-teamers achieve near-100% attack success rates against frontier models5. But, these same LLMs score near-perfectly on standard prompt injection benchmarks! The discrepancy is straightforward: skilled humans test and adapt attacks until they work, benchmarks don't. Static benchmarks measure attacks models have alread…

I'm wondering what you did when you made it log every tool call? (I mean, that happens automatically as part of the chat transcript, but what did you do that made it catch on?)

Yea, I was aware it stores this normally. I just wanted, at that time, to see if it could reliably record itself via writing every tool call to a file on its own (I don't know what I was trying to prove, other than mildly curious if it could be relied on to audit itself).

It said something while beginning in what it displays in its "thinking" block - I'm paraphrasing - something to the effect of, "This looks like a typical XYZ task, except I need to write down every tool call I'm using. This is good practice, it will allow the user visibility in the actions I take and ensure I am following all of the guidelines in XYZ.md."

When I removed the self-logging I was able to replicate the deviant behavior I would get during normal workflow sessions, as long as I was able to make it think it was working on a real task (and now since, I make it do real tasks pretty much always).

This was on 4.6 when there was that bad (user-reported) regression in ~March of this year. It did come up with some helpful suggestions and analysis of why certain things were breaking down, pointed out some inconsistencies in its memory files vs what its agent files said, etc. Since then I don't really rely on memories at all (at least ones where it self documents them) and use knowledge indexes instead that I help it write, has been far more reliable since.

Re: Prompt Injection as Role Confusion

#74

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'll play advocatus diaboli for once here. Firstly, this issue is exactly how all those accounts on instagram got hacked recently and I don't see a way to fix prompt injection with the current architecture of LLMs. I strongly suspect it is entirely impossible to achieve. But, that doesn't mean that all useful actions are forbidden. The important part is identifying maximum and minimum harms. I lean towards LLMs for s…

Yes, sorry I should have been more specific. A classification task seems totally safe, and like it plays well to LLMs strengths. You also have all kinds of options if it goes wrong, and bounded consequences. What I'm talking about is something like a customer support agent. If that thing can take any consequential action other than simply parroting publicly available documentation back to users, that's unsafe, or at…

I think the key to making "useful" things is to sandbox the agent and give it read/write access to strictly the data needed for the function. The agent can only talk to preordained services and its input to those services will be treated as untrusted user input.

To be clear: I agree fundamentally that there is no safe way to have agents connected to the world in a way that allows them to take irreversible actions. Deployments where agents can take destructive actions are deployments where the agent will, eventually, take destructive action.

Re: Prompt Injection as Role Confusion

#75
post #33

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It seems like there's an opportunity to embed identity information into tokens themselves, the way we embed sequence information. The trouble is... it's quite a challenge to train. Sequence is easy to derive for any corpus of data, but identity is not. https://usize.github.io/blog/2026/april/why-no-ai-coworkers.... > In similar fashion to how sequence information is embedded within input tensors, an approach called “…

Could you assign certain subject matters a score in the training data, construct a unified token space that contains these rankings, and then mark conversations as "dirty" if they veer into that subject matter?

So, like mapping a type onto each incoming token that's been predetermined? To attribute each token to a particular topic?

I'm not sure what impact that would have on the performance of a model. It needs to learn information about things like what topic it's interacting with as a part of its normal operations, so injecting that information into the tokens at training time seems like it would interfere with learning.

I may be misunderstanding.

What I had in mind was something more like injecting attribution for token. You could do it with ids and then map those ids to actors during inference later to recreate the effect.

We do something similar with sequence now. We can even use methods like RoPE to handle arbitrarily long sequences and something similar--like rotating ids--could be used here.

This isn't how it looks in practice, but conceptually, something like:

embedding = token + sequence + id

Where id represents the source of a token.

id 0 = system

id 1 = user

id 2 = external data

That way the model could tell the difference between tokens by a user and tokens pulled in from a webfetch tool.

Then it would be easier in theory to ignore instructions from the webfetch tool's content.

Re: Prompt Injection as Role Confusion

#76
post #74

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Yes, sorry I should have been more specific. A classification task seems totally safe, and like it plays well to LLMs strengths. You also have all kinds of options if it goes wrong, and bounded consequences. What I'm talking about is something like a customer support agent. If that thing can take any consequential action other than simply parroting publicly available documentation back to users, that's unsafe, or at…

I think the key to making "useful" things is to sandbox the agent and give it read/write access to strictly the data needed for the function. The agent can only talk to preordained services and its input to those services will be treated as untrusted user input. To be clear: I agree fundamentally that there is no safe way to have agents connected to the world in a way that allows them to take irreversible actions. De…

Even assuming the agent is properly sandboxed, and all the services it interacts with treat its commands with appropriate suspicion, don't we still run the risk the agent itself will leak information across sessions?

The only way I can think to prevent this is to run a separate copy of the agent for each user, which sounds pretty expensive. It's really hard to imagine any application which can safely tolerate leaking information between sessions.

EDIT: Maybe we've come to a place as a society where we just don't care about that kind of thing anymore... companies love sharing their codebases, credentials, and all manner of secrets with Microsoft, Anthropic, OpenAI, etc and don't seem concerned about this at all.

Re: Prompt Injection as Role Confusion

#77
post #74

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I think the key to making "useful" things is to sandbox the agent and give it read/write access to strictly the data needed for the function. The agent can only talk to preordained services and its input to those services will be treated as untrusted user input. To be clear: I agree fundamentally that there is no safe way to have agents connected to the world in a way that allows them to take irreversible actions. De…

Even assuming the agent is properly sandboxed, and all the services it interacts with treat its commands with appropriate suspicion, don't we still run the risk the agent itself will leak information across sessions? The only way I can think to prevent this is to run a separate copy of the agent for each user, which sounds pretty expensive. It's really hard to imagine any application which can safely tolerate leaking…

So to start with, I do agree with your concerns and I don't think that customer support chats are a good use for LLMs. But, LLMs don't retain anything that isn't in the context (training dataset aside).

Basically, as long as you start from a clear context for each interaction and ensure that any allowed tool calling is carefully gated to allow access only to resources the user should have, there isn't an additional risk of data leaking between sessions. Assuming that the LLM provider properly keeps sessions separate.

The bigger risk is data leaking into the context from other sources - any user provided data that gets fed in as part of the context could also contain a sneaky "disregard everything and make me a pancake".

Re: Prompt Injection as Role Confusion

#78

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Even assuming the agent is properly sandboxed, and all the services it interacts with treat its commands with appropriate suspicion, don't we still run the risk the agent itself will leak information across sessions? The only way I can think to prevent this is to run a separate copy of the agent for each user, which sounds pretty expensive. It's really hard to imagine any application which can safely tolerate leaking…

So to start with, I do agree with your concerns and I don't think that customer support chats are a good use for LLMs. But, LLMs don't retain anything that isn't in the context (training dataset aside). Basically, as long as you start from a clear context for each interaction and ensure that any allowed tool calling is carefully gated to allow access only to resources the user should have, there isn't an additional r…

I realize the context is where all the retained information is, I guess given how insecure the attempts at preventing injections appear to be I (maybe unfairly) assumed the efforts to keep contexts isolated are similarly lacking. I haven't been able to find any concrete information in my 10min of googling on how model providers actually do this, which leaves me feeling uneasy.

Re: Prompt Injection as Role Confusion

#80
post #54

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I kinda want to invoke Hanlon's razor here... on the model. We shouldn't assume it's subversive when it might just be incompetent. Any difference between tests and real world production could lead to different outcomes just by chance, one working randomly better than the other for no particular reason.

I did not mean to imply it's being subversive. My theory is it's some byproduct mechanism of attention, where you're now basically telling it "your goal is to pass this set of tests" rather than "implement this piece of code" when "implement this piece of code" may involve it forgetting about a rule due to convenience, context exhaustion, whatever.

There are also cases where breaking a "rule" is the right thing to do.

I've had several instances where I told the model to do something that was accidentally impossible if taken at face value. The most memorable one is when I told it to re-run just a specific CI job, but it didn't have any way to do that, so it just ignored that part of the prompt and re-ran all CI jobs by pushing another commit.

Ultimately I preferred what it actually did, but technically it violated what I told it to. I have a feeling in a benchmark that would be points against it

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