When I apply for a job, I use data to figure out the highest salary the company will accept.
When I've applied for jobs and done salary negotiations, I try pretty hard to find out the max I can get using as many variables that I think are relevant (e.g. years of experience, previous companies I've worked for, projects I've contributed to, etc). No one is writing an article trying to expose me for this. I think the concern is how invasive they can be when doing this. It's one thing to quickly search your name…
If it's publicly traded, the company's financial situation is laid bare.
Nobody is obliged to accept a lowball offer, either.