I use the Loud Muffler Index for judging the economy. Traffic gets louder when working people are under financial stress. It's easily measurable.
You could probably come up with similar metrics on the number of dented cars you see in a day that people couldn't afford to repair.
Or the number of people who skip out on their checks at a restaurant. Or the number of people who buy lottery tickets. Or the number of people that are willing to gamble, not as entertainment, but as a way to get some money for the next bill due date.