The author’s doing themselves a disservice by using the word “basic” - it doesn’t describe either the mathematics or the description. Perhaps it refers to its focus on the basics of a field.
From the books advice corner: "As explained in the preface, the main prerequisite is some amount of mathematical maturity. This means I expect the reader to know how to read and write a proof, follow logical arguments, and so on." Yeah, that's way beyond what's called basic math instruction, e. g. in schools. A more specific, as in accurate, subtitle (or description) is in order.
I'm not saying you're wrong, I know for a fact that you aren't: unfortunately most high-school students fall extremely short of that bar, but it's not necessarily that way. Many teenagers can and do develop that kind of mathematical maturity.
In this context "basic" means "it doesn't require knowledge in the field", and by and large this book can indeed be followed with no other requirement than the mathematical maturity it talks about. Many classic books self-describe in similar way.