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Are OpenAI and Anthropic losing money on inference?

martinalderson.com

151–160 of 495 posts

Re: Are OpenAI and Anthropic losing money on inference?

#151
Yes they are, they are deeply deeply unprofitable and that's why they need endless investments to prop them up.

That's why Microsoft is not doing the deal with OpenAI, that's why Claude was fiddling with token limits just a couple of weeks ago.

It's a huge bubble, and the only winner at this moment is Nvidia.

Re: Are OpenAI and Anthropic losing money on inference?

#152

This whole article is built off using DeepSeek R1, which is a huge premise that I don't think is correct. DeepSeek is much more efficient and I don't think it's a valid way to estimate what OpenAI and Anthropic's costs are. https://www.wheresyoured.at/deep-impact/ Basically, DeepSeek is _very_ efficient at inference, and that was the whole reason why it shook the industry when it was released.

Uhhh, I'm pretty sure DeepSeek shook the industry because of a 14x reduction in training cost, not inference cost.

We also don't know the per-token cost for OpenAI and Anthropic models, but I would be highly surprised if it was significantly more expensive than open models anyone can use and run themselves. It's not like they're also not investing in inference research.

Re: Are OpenAI and Anthropic losing money on inference?

#153

From https://www.theverge.com/command-line-newsletter/759897/sam-... , Sam Altman said: > “If we didn’t pay for training, we’d be a very profitable company.”

Or if they had to pay copyright costs. So much pirated data being repackaged and sold.

It's wild and, while they're all guilty, Gemini is a particularly egregious offender. What really surprises me is that they don't even consider it a bug if you can predictably get it to generate copyrighted content. These types of exploits are out of scope of their bug bounty program and they suggest the end user file a ticket whenever they encounter such issues (i.e. they're just saying YOLO until there's case law).

Re: Are OpenAI and Anthropic losing money on inference?

#154
post #9

I don't believe the asymmetry between prefill and decode is that large. If it were, it would make no sense for most of the providers to have separate pricing for prefill with cache hits vs. without. Given the analysis is based on R1, Deepseek's actual in-production numbers seem highly relevant: https://github.com/deepseek-ai/open-infra-index/blob/main/20... (But yes, they claim 80% margins on the compute in that arti…

Yes. I was really surprised at this myself (author here). If you have some better numbers I'm all ears. Even on my lowly 9070XT I get 20x the tok/s input vs output, and I'm not doing batching or anything locally. I think the cache hit vs miss stuff makes sense at >100k tokens where you start getting compute bound.

Maybe because you aren’t doing batching? It sounds like you’re assuming that would benefit prefill more than decode, but I believe it’s the other way around.

Re: Are OpenAI and Anthropic losing money on inference?

#155
post #114

Earlier quoted context omitted.

That doesn't seem compatible with what he stated more recently: > We're profitable on inference. If we didn't pay for training, we'd be a very profitable company. Source: https://www.axios.com/2025/08/15/sam-altman-gpt5-launch-chat... His possible incentives and the fact OpenAI isn't a public company simply make it hard for us to gauge which of these statements is closer to the truth.

This can be true if you assume that there exists a high number of $20 subscribers who don't use the product that much, but $200 subscribers squeeze every last bit and then some more. The balance could be still positive, but if you look at the power users alone, they might cost more than they pay.

They might even have decided “hey, these power users are willing to try and tells us what LLMs are useful for, and are even willing to pay us for the opportunity!”

Re: Are OpenAI and Anthropic losing money on inference?

#156
A full KV-cache is quite big compared to the weights of the model (depending on the context size), that should be a factor too (and basically you need to maintain a separate KV cache for each request, I think...). Also the the token/s is not uniform across the request and it's getting slower with each subsequent generated token.

On the other side, there's an insane booster of speculative decoding, that would give a semi-prefill rate for decoding, but the memory pressure is still a factor.

I would be happy to be corrected regarding both factors.

Re: Are OpenAI and Anthropic losing money on inference?

#157

This whole article is built off using DeepSeek R1, which is a huge premise that I don't think is correct. DeepSeek is much more efficient and I don't think it's a valid way to estimate what OpenAI and Anthropic's costs are. https://www.wheresyoured.at/deep-impact/ Basically, DeepSeek is _very_ efficient at inference, and that was the whole reason why it shook the industry when it was released.

The reason it shook the market at least was because of the claim that its training cost was 5 million.

That' what the buzz focused on, strange as we don't actually know what it cost them. While inference optimization is a fact and is even more impactful since training costs benefit from economics of scale.

Re: Are OpenAI and Anthropic losing money on inference?

#158

This whole article is built off using DeepSeek R1, which is a huge premise that I don't think is correct. DeepSeek is much more efficient and I don't think it's a valid way to estimate what OpenAI and Anthropic's costs are. https://www.wheresyoured.at/deep-impact/ Basically, DeepSeek is _very_ efficient at inference, and that was the whole reason why it shook the industry when it was released.

What a wrong take. Its not even MoE that was great in deepseek, its shared expert + grpo

Re: Are OpenAI and Anthropic losing money on inference?

#160
This seems very very far off. From the latest reports, anthropic has a gross margin of 60%. It came out in their latest fundraising story. From that one The Information report, it estimated OpenAI's GM to be 50% including free users. These are gross margins so any amortization or model training cost would likely come after this.

Then, today almost every lab uses methods like speculative decoding and caching which reduce the cost and speed up things significantly.

The input numbers are far off. The assumption is 37B of active parameters. Sonnet 4 is supposedly a 100B-200B param model. Opus is about 2T params. Both of them (even if we assume MoE) wont have exactly these number of output params. Then there is a cost to hosting and activating params at inference time. (the article kind of assumes it would be the same constant 37B params).

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