Earlier quoted context omitted.
All the replies are spectacularly wrong, and biased by hindsight. GPT-1 to GPT-2 is where we went from "yes, I've seen Markov chains before, what about them?" to "holy shit this is actually kind of understanding what I'm saying!" Before GPT-2, we had plain old machine learning. After GPT-2, we had "I never thought I would see this in my lifetime or the next two".
I'd love to know more about how OpenAI (or Alec Radford et al.) even decided GPT-1 was worth investing more into. At a glance the output is barely distinguishable from Markov chains. If in 2018 you told me that scaling the algorithm up 100-1000x would lead to computers talking to people/coding/reasoning/beating the IMO I'd tell you to take your meds.
Also slightly tangentially, people will tell me it is that it was new and novel and that's why we were impressed but I almost think things went downhill after ChatGPT 3. I felt like 2.5 (or whatever they called it) was able to give better insights from the model weights itself. The moment tool use became a thing and we started doing RAGs and memory and search engine tool use, it actually got worse.
I am also pretty sure we are lobotomizing the things that would feel closer to critical thinking by training it to be sensitive of the taboo of the day. I suspect earlier ones were less broken due to that.
How would it distinguish and decide between knowing something from training and needing to use a tool to synthesize a response anyway?