Earlier quoted context omitted.
The problem with trying to reason everything from first principles is that most things didn’t actually came about that way. Both our biology and other complex human affairs like societies and cultures evolved organically over long periods of time, responding to their environments and their competitors, building bit by bit, sometimes with an explicit goal but often without one. One can learn a lot from unicellular org…
Reducibility is usually a goal of intellectual pursuits? I don't see that as a fault.
What you are mentioning is called western reductionism by some.
In the western world it does map to Plato etc, but it is also a problem if you believe everything is reducible.
Under the assumption that all models are wrong, but some are useful, it helps you find useful models.
If you consider Laplacian determinism as a proxy for reductionism, Cantor diagonalization and the standard model of QM are counterexamples.
Russell's paradox is another lens into the limits of Plato, which the PEM assumption is based on.
Those common a priori assumptions have value, but are assumptions which may not hold for any particular problem.