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Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

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Re: Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

#251
post #239
post #234

Earlier quoted context omitted.

We all have blind spots

Sure, but maybe suggesting that the person who literally spent countless hours educating others on how to build small models locally from scratch, is lacking knowledge about local small models is going a bit beyond "people have blind spots".

Their potential, not how they work, it was very badly formulated, just corrected it

Re: Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

#252

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You would definitely think so, Lean is in a great position here! I am betting though that type theory is not the right logic for this, and that Lean can be leapfrogged.

Why? By the completeness theorem, shouldn't first order logic already be sufficient? The calculus of constructions and other approaches are already available and proven. I'm not sure why we'd need a special logic for LLMs unless said logic somehow accounts for their inherently stochastic tendencies.

If first-order logic is already sufficient, why are most mature systems using a type theory? Because type theory is more ergonomic and practical than first-order logic. I just don't think that type theory is ergonomic and practical enough. That is not a special judgement with respect to LLMs, I want a better logic for myself as well. This has nothing to do with "stochastic tendencies". If it is easier to use for humans, it will be easier for LLMs as well.

Re: Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

#253
post #177

His dismissal of smaller and local models suggests he underestimates their improvement potential. Give phi4 a run and see what I mean.

I tried the local small models. They are slow, much less capable, and ironically much more expensive to run than the frontier cloud models.

Phi4-mini runs on a basic laptop CPU at 20T/s… how is that slow? Without optimization…

Re: Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

#254

Tight feedback loops are the key in working productively with software. I see that in codebases up to 700k lines of code (legacy 30yo 4GL ERP systems). The best part is that AI-driven systems are fine with running even more tight loops than what a sane human would tolerate. Eg. running full linting, testing and E2E/simulation suite after any minor change. Or generating 4 versions of PR for the same task so that the h…

> Or generating 4 versions of PR for the same task so that the human could just pick the best one.

That sounds awful. A truly terrible and demotivating way to work and produce anything of real quality. Why are we doing this to ourselves and embracing it?

A few years ago, it would have been seen as a joke to say “the future of software development will be to have a million monkey interns banging on one million keyboards and submit a million PRs, then choose one”. Today, it’s lauded as a brilliant business and cost-saving idea.

We’re beyond doomed. The first major catastrophe caused by sloppy AI code can’t come soon enough. The sooner it happens, the better chance we have to self-correct.

Re: Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

#255

Software 3.0 is the code generated by the machine, not the prompts that generated it. The prompts don't even yield the same output; there is randomness. The new software world is the massive amount of code that will be burped out by these agents, and it should quickly dwarf the human output.

I think that if you give the same task to three different developers you'll get three different implementations. It's not a random result if you do get the functionality that was expected, and at that, I do think the prompt plays an important role in offering a view of how the result was achieved.

> I think that if you give the same task to three different developers you'll get three different implementations.

Yes, but if you want them to be compatible you need to define a protocol and conformance test suite. This is way more work than writing a single implementation.

The code is the real spec. Every piece of unintentional non-determinism can be a hazard. That’s why you want the code to be the unit of maintenance, not a prompt.

Re: Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

#256
post #244
post #191

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> suggests a lack of understanding of these smaller models capabilities If anything, you're showing a lack of understanding of what he was talking about. The context is this specific time, where we're early in a ecosystem and things are expensive and likely centralized (ala mainframes) but if his analogy/prediction is correct, we'll have a "Linux" moment in the future where that equation changes (again) and local mod…

He understands the technical part, of course, I was referring to his prediction that large models will be always be necessary. There is a point where an LLM is good enough for most tasks, I don’t need a megamind AI in order to greet clients, and both large and small/medium model size are getting there, with the large models hitting a computing/energy demand barrier. The small models won’t hit that barrier anytime soo…

Did he predict they'd always be necessary? He mostly seemed to predict the opposite, that we're at the early stage of a trajectory that has yet to have it's Linux moment

Re: Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

#257
post #51

It’s fascinating to think about what true GUI for LLM could be like. It immediately makes me think a LLM that can generate a customized GUI for the topic at hand where you can interact with in a non-linear way.

An ever-shifting UI sounds unlearnable, and therefore unusable.

Like Spotify ugh

Re: Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

#258
post #253

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I tried the local small models. They are slow, much less capable, and ironically much more expensive to run than the frontier cloud models.

Phi4-mini runs on a basic laptop CPU at 20T/s… how is that slow? Without optimization…

I was running Qwen3-32B locally even faster, 70T/s, still way too slow for me. I'm generating thousands of tokens of output per request (not coding), running locally I could get 6 mil tokens per day and pay electricity, or I can get more tokens per day from Google Gemini 2.5 Flash for free.

Running models locally is a privilege for the rich and those with too much disposable time.

Re: Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

#259
post #246

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You can disagree with his conclusions but I don't think his understanding of small models is up for debate. This is the person who created micrograd/makemore/nanoGPT and who has produced a ton of educational materials showing how to build small and local models.

I’m going to edit, it was badly formulated, he underestimates their potential for growth is what I meant by that

> underestimates their potential for growth

As far as I understood the talk and the analogies, he's saying that local models will eventually replace the current popular "mainframe" architecture. How is that underestimating them?

Re: Andrej Karpathy: Software in the era of AI [video]

#260
post #195

Earlier quoted context omitted.

There's also those instances where Microsoft unleashed Copilot on the .NET repo, and it resulted in the most hilariously terrible PRs that required the maintainers to basically tell Copilot every single step it should take to fix the issue. They were basically writing the PRs themselves at that point, except doing it through an intermediary that was much dumber, slower and less practical than them. And don't get me s…

You're not the first, nor the last person, to have a seemingly vastly different experience than me and others. So I'm curious, what am I doing differently from what you did/do when you try them out? This is maybe a bit out there, but would you be up for sending me like a screen recording of exactly what you're doing? Or maybe even a video call sharing your screen? I'm not working in the space, have no products or ser…

I'm a greybeard, 45+ years coding, including active in AI during the mid 80's and used it when it applied throughout my entire career. That career being media and animation production backends, where the work is both at the technical and creative edge.

I currently have an AI integrated office suite, which has attorneys, professional writers, and political activists using the system. It is office software, word processing, spreadsheets, project management and about two dozen types of AI agents that act as virtual co-workers.

No, my users are not programmers, but I do have interns; college students with anything from 3 to 10 years experience writing software.

I see the same AI use problem issues with my users, and my interns. My office system bends over backwards to address this, but people are people: they do not realize that AI does not know what they are talking about. They will frequently ask questions with no preamble, no introduction to the subject. They will change topics, not bothering to start a new session or tell the AI the topic is now different. There is a huge number of things they do, often with escalating frustration evident in their prompts, that all violate the same basic issue: the LLM was not given a context to understand the subject at hand, and the user is acting like many people and when explaining they go further, past the point of confusion, now adding new confusion.

I see this over and over. It frustrates the users to anger, yet at the same time if they acted, communicated to a human, in the same manner they'd have a verbal fight almost instantly.

The problem is one of communications. ...and for a huge number of you I just lost you. You've not been taught to understand the power of communications, so you do not respect the subject. How to communication is practically everything when it comes to human collaboration. It is how one orders their mind, how one collaborates with others, AND how one gets AI to respond in the manner they desire.

But our current software development industry, and by extension all of STEM has been short changed by never been taught how to effectively communicate, no not at all. Presentations and how to sell are not effective communications, that's persuasion, about 5% of what it takes to convey understanding in others which then unblocks resistance to changes.

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