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I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

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Re: I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

#191
post #168

I'm a Canadian software developer who'd like to join an American startup so naturally I've been applying to a bunch of jobs. More specifically, I'm looking to go with TN visa. In most job applications, I need to answer the two following questions 1) Are you legally authorized to work in the US? and 2) Will you now or in the future require sponsorship? I'm looking for advice on how I should be answering these question…

Hi, I just spent 2 months interviewing and hiring candidates for 4 open (remote) eng positions at a US startup. Answering "Yes" to 1 when you don't have a green card or US citizenship would be a way to guarantee that I would rescind your offer and make a mental note to never trust you. I don't think you should do that. We actually hired some Canadian talent -- we just used an EOR in Canada. The EOR cost us about $600…

> Answering "Yes" to 1 when you don't have a green card or US citizenship would be a way to guarantee that I would rescind your offer

This might actually violate EEOC. You would discriminating on the basis on nationality. The question that was asked was "Are you legally authorized to work in the US?" and Canadian have a limited legal right to work in the US under NAFTA.

Re: I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

#192

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The standard for employment-based permanent residency (green card) is extraordinarily high. As in, would likely place you in the top 1-5% of the most successful people in the country. That, or you have to invest $800k and create 10 jobs. No other country in the world requires foreigners to be significantly more qualified than its own population. You can move to France with a regular paying job no problem or just a fe…

Maybe for instant green card you have to be extraordinary, but for regular employment-based immigration you don’t have to be. The path is H1-B -> Green Card -> US citizen (I have done it), and to get H1-B your potential employer gotta post that $60-80k/year job and show that there were no qualifying US applicants for it.

Not related, but to add some woes of the american immigration system.

There is no instant green card.

If a truly extraordinary Indian-born person (say a Nobel laureate or olympic gold medalist) files for a green card today, they will be waiting for 7-10 years to get a green card. At this point, it may be worse too, because this category's priority date has not moved a single day in 8 months.

Re: I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

#193
post #58

Are O1 visa applications getting significantly more scrutiny nowadays? I comfortably qualify for one, based on the USCIS criteria, but my employer (big tech company, big law firm for immigration) wants to wait one more year for another H1B attempt before trying this. Hence I am wondering if switching jobs could potentially help here.

O1 is an inferior visa, so they are right that you should be trying for H1B before going for an O1. I'm assuming that you are on OPT or some other visa category. There is likely no advantage to getting an O1 in your current situation.

> likely no advantage

Freedom to travel. Can't realistically renew F1.

Re: I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

#194
post #58

Are O1 visa applications getting significantly more scrutiny nowadays? I comfortably qualify for one, based on the USCIS criteria, but my employer (big tech company, big law firm for immigration) wants to wait one more year for another H1B attempt before trying this. Hence I am wondering if switching jobs could potentially help here.

Big tech is risk averse and avoids pursuing O-1s unless there's no other option and the candidate/employee is highly valued. But I haven't seen any change yet in the adjudication of O-1 petitions. Nearly all our O-1 petitions still get approved and when we receive a Request for Additional Evidence (or RFE), the issues raised are the same issues that were raised before January 2025.

Makes sense, thanks.

Re: I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

#195

Hey Peter, Currently living in the US, I applied for a green card via marriage (partner is GC holder) in March 2023. I received my AP and EAD over a year ago, but there has been zero movement on the I-485.. What are the options here? Given the current political climate, I'm not comfortable leaving the US until I have the I-485. Is this fear warranted? Would really like to travel overseas, but don't want to end up get…

Without knowing all the facts, the delay probably is simply the result in the backlog in that green card category. Is your spouse eligible to become a U.S. citizen because this could speed up the process for you. Again without knowing all the facts, regarding travel, you are fine to travel; just carry your passport, advance parole, and marriage certificate (in your back pocket).

He is eligible to become a citizen actually. What's the best way to move forward with a citizenship application?

Re: I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

#196
post #135

How hard is it to get approval for an o1 visa with no bachelors degree?

Education is irrelevant. A PhD in and of itself doesn't help but it usually means that the individual has published, engaged in original research/work, etc. but someone can have published, engaged in original research/work, etc. without a PhD or any degree. So it's about what the individual has done, not his or her education. That being said, there's no question that USCIS's view of an O-1 petition is colored by the applicant's education and there's sort of a presumption that someone with a PhD qualifies for an O-1.

Re: I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

#197
Are there any difficulties in obtaining TN Visas related to the stage of the sponsor company?

More specifically, is it feasible for a Canadian operating startup to open a US entity and employ Canadian engineers under the TN Visa category? This would be an early stage non-VC backed company, but profitable and paying above prevailing market wage.

Re: I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

#198
Hi Peter, thanks for doing these AMA's.

There has been so much in the news recently, both on immigration, birthright citizenship, potential suspension of habeas corpus, lack of due process, the effective setup of stateless regions (El Salvador), and other aspects that all boil down to a question that seems to be on a number of people's minds and centered on a single question.

While this is more of a generic question, it'd be nice to hear from an actual attorney that's practiced law.

When we speak of a 'rule of law', and its benefits to society, its generally understood from Civic's classes we all had to take, that there are components that must be met, which are not met under a 'rule by law'; the latter which is more generally understood to be common to totalitarian regimes where they do what they want with the tacit approval of kangaroo courts, usually with some sort of reference to Lavrentia Beria's infamous quote, "Show me the person I'll show you the crime".

While there is some debate on the specific components of a 'rule of law', they almost all require: Independent Objective Judiciary, Equality under the Law, Access to Justice, Fundamental Rights, and Transparency (if I'm remembering my civic's correctly).

The primary purpose and benefit to society of such being non-violent conflict resolution.

In many respects, in the past few decades, Judicial activism seems to have broken the first, Access to bring an action now requires access to a lawyer which in many cases is a retainer of an amount that exceeds the average person's yearly salary (unspent), Transparency seems to have largely vanished behind paywalls, bad laws, and contradictory readings.

The last remaining two are equality under the law, and fundamental rights which are directly tied to those other properties, and have been degraded by corporations in their legal actions and lobbying as a whole over time. The remaining components seem in dire jeopardy with stateless regions, which the court doesn't seem capable of addressing (given the other failures that have occurred over the past 20 years that remain broken).

I hear all the time that we have a country that has a rule of law, but that isn't what the average person is seeing when they look at these things objectively.

Just so you know, I've reached out to numerous attorney's for various contract issues over the years, the most recent related to professional certification where the company clearly failed in their obligations, but they also apparently have received broad indemnification via their government contracts. I mention this, so the perception is not just based on a trusted news initiatives media alone, but also backed by my own conversations seeking services that came from my state BARs referral service.

Is there something wrong with my understanding here? Do we actually still live in a rule of law? If my understanding is right, it doesn't seem like we do anymore.

Re: I'm Peter Roberts, immigration attorney, who does work for YC and startups. AMA

#200

Hi Peter, thank you for this AMA. I've been a green card holder for 1 year as the result of working for big tech in the US, originally via getting a L1-B 3.5 years ago. I'm planning on moving back to my home country in Europe permanently. Is there any way I can keep my green card or at least keep it for longer in case I start a startup in Europe and want to also have a US presence? I'm a Portuguese citizen.

Yes, there is a way to keep a green card while living outside the U.S. although at some point, if the green card holder truly has no intent of returning to the U.S., he or she will lose the green card. The protection is known as a reentry permit and the form used to apply for it is Form I-131. It's an easy application.
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