Earlier quoted context omitted.
In the U.S., identity providing is not a role the government fills. Not everyone has to have a passport, for example. A passport is merely a purpose-specific tool for crossing borders, not general identity.
You have plenty of government id's in the US as well. Driver licenses, tax number, birth certificates ... I think often people mess up the subjects of privacy, freedom and a government provided id. You can have privacy and freedom even if you have a government issued id. And you can have your privacy and freedom taken away from you without the government giving you standardized way of proving your id.
Driver's licenses (or non-driver IDs) are the US's de facto ID standard.