In my reading of this, it looks like the practical implication could be that reads happening quickly after writes to the same row(s) might return stale data. The write transaction gets marked as complete before all of the distributed layers of a multi AZ RDS instance have been fully updated, such that immediate reads from the same rows might return nothing (if the row does not exist yet) or older values if the columns have not been fully updated.
Due to the way PostgreSQL does snapshotting, I don't believe this implies such a read might obtain a nonsense value due to only a portion of the bytes in a multi-byte column type having been updated yet.
It seems like a race condition that becomes eventually consistent. Or did anyone read this as if the later transaction(s) of a "long fork" might never complete under normal circumstances?