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For climate and livelihoods, Africa bets big on solar mini-grids

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Re: For climate and livelihoods, Africa bets big on solar mini-grids

#61

It's been obvious for a long time this was going to be the development path for Africa. Just as they leapfrogged land line telephones for cellular. Africa was never going to build out massive coal and natural gas based electrical grids with transmission lines substations and utility poles bringing electricity to every home. The capital isn't there and the cost of renewables keeps falling.

Yes, and in many cases it's the same companies enabling both:

  Over 1 million solar home systems sold, avoiding 2 million tonnes of CO2 emissions

  Over 1 million individuals access high-quality smartphones, enabling access to information and earning opportunities online
all because they figured this out:

  $600 million of credit unlocked for customers
https://www.m-kopa.com/newsroom/m-kopa-releases-annual-impac...

Re: For climate and livelihoods, Africa bets big on solar mini-grids

#62
post #33
post #9

Earlier quoted context omitted.

How would you differentiate Africa from East Asia in those regards?

Let's look at the successful economies of East Asia: Japan was a first world country, an economic success before WWII, and then had the US occupation after the war to rebuild it economically and politically as a hedge against future Japanese threats and against Russia and China. South Korea never suffered Western colonialism (?) but did suffer under Japan. After that and the Korean War, iirc it was one of the poorest…

> They are geopolitically located in a place that matters

I meant, 'they are not geopolitically located in a place that matters'. Oops.

Re: For climate and livelihoods, Africa bets big on solar mini-grids

#63
post #29

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The problem is not necessarily day/night but summer with solar+and possible wind and winter with less solar and possible no wind. So you need to store energy for more than a few hours or generate it from something else. You then have the choice to use batteries(costly for megwatts as of now), things like hydrostorage, fossil fuels(gas/coal/oil) or hydrogen generated from renewable sources. If you need big energy stor…

> The problem is not necessarily day/night but summer with solar+and possible wind and winter with less solar and possible no wind. So they have to buy some 30% more panels.

Yes, that's exactly why you would over-provision. So the upside of having occasional surplus is that in other times such as winter with less solar, you are more likely to still have enough capacity.

Re: For climate and livelihoods, Africa bets big on solar mini-grids

#64

Earlier quoted context omitted.

1) se asia is a much more densely populated region, making infrastructure cheaper per capita to produce (some things scale better, most do not) and 2) se asia has capital flowing through it at a far higher volume, mostly because of manufacturing. I can't speak to why there historically hasn't been as much manufacturing in Africa—I'm guessing it's just cheaper to colocate with others for lower costs across the board?…

> se asia is a much more densely populated region, making infrastructure cheaper per capita to produce Most of South East Asia has developmental indicators comparable to most of Sub Saharan Africa. Sub Saharan Africa has plenty of basket cases (DRC, CAR, Mozambique), but it also has plenty of countries on the same general trajectory as South East Asian countries (Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania, Senegal). "Africa" a…

> Most of South East Asia has developmental indicators comparable to most of Sub Saharan Africa.

Africa GDP Per Capita (2023)

Kenya: 1,952.30 USD

Nigeria: 1,596.64 USD

Uganda: 1,002.31 USD

Tanzania: 1,224.49 USD

Senegal: 1,706.44 USD

South East Asia GDP Per Capita (2023)

Brunei: 32,962.91 USD

Myanmar: 1,233.20 USD

Cambodia: 2,429.75 USD

Timor-Leste: 1,502.52 USD

Indonesia: 4,8976.31 USD

Laos: 2,066.95 USD

Malaysia: 11,379.09 USD

The Philippines: 3,804.87 USD

Singapore: 84,734.26 USD

Thailand: 7,182.03 USD

Vietnam: 4,282.09 USD

Africa HDI (2022)

Kenya: 0.601

Nigeria: 0.548

Uganda: 0.550

Tanzania: 0.532

Senegal: 0.517

South East Asia HDI (2022)

Brunei: 0.823

Myanmar: 0.608

Cambodia: 0.6

Timor-Leste: 0.566

Indonesia: 0.713

Laos: 0.620

Malaysia: 0.807

The Philippines: 0.710

Singapore: 0.949

Thailand: 0.803

Vietnam: 0.726

Africa Under-Five Mortality (2020, Estimates):

Kenya: 29.8

Nigeria: 59.8

Uganda: 32.6

Tanzania: 36.4

Senegal: 45.7

South East Asia Under-Five Mortality Rates (2020, Estimates):

Brunei: 8.8

Myanmar: 31.7

Cambodia: 43.7

Timor-Leste: 31.7

Indonesia: 20.4

Laos: 45.6

Malaysia: 11.4

The Philippines: 20.0

Singapore: 2.3

Thailand: 8.6

Vietnam: 15.7

Re: For climate and livelihoods, Africa bets big on solar mini-grids

#66

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> The problem is not necessarily day/night but summer with solar+and possible wind and winter with less solar and possible no wind. So they have to buy some 30% more panels.

Yes, that's exactly why you would over-provision. So the upside of having occasional surplus is that in other times such as winter with less solar, you are more likely to still have enough capacity.

And you'll be churning out hydrogen all summer.

Re: For climate and livelihoods, Africa bets big on solar mini-grids

#67

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Most of arfica (sic) has been too unstable to safely invest in. Everytime things start looking up there is another revolution and all investment is lost You can't view Africa with such broad strokes. A West African country with British administrative norms like Nigeria is going to have entirely different outcomes compared to a former Portuguese colony impacted by the Colonial Wars like Mozambique. Reality is, plent…

Are you really characterizing Nigeria's notoriously kleptocratic bureaucratic system as "relatively competent", while self-styled Singapore of Africa Rwanda is a "basket case"? Most observers would reverse those labels.

I think the example would have been better if they had put Ghana in the place of Nigeria.

I have no idea how anyone did an analysis of the stability of African nations, and came out of it thinking Nigeria was an example to hold up as some kind of gold standard? It reinforces my belief that we Westerners, as a group, know very little about the African continent.

Re: For climate and livelihoods, Africa bets big on solar mini-grids

#68
post #58

It's been obvious for a long time this was going to be the development path for Africa. Just as they leapfrogged land line telephones for cellular. Africa was never going to build out massive coal and natural gas based electrical grids with transmission lines substations and utility poles bringing electricity to every home. The capital isn't there and the cost of renewables keeps falling.

> The capital isn't there and the cost of renewables keeps falling. It doesn't help that Africa is huge and the population density of most of it is damn near zero. Grids of any form make very little sense given those constraints.

Nigeria has higher population density than the US.

Re: For climate and livelihoods, Africa bets big on solar mini-grids

#69
post #26

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You are wrong, the capital IS there, Africa is rich, it's just the capitsl is leaving for US, Europe, and Asia, instead of staying in Africa because of colonial history.

Plenty of African nations are building strong private sector players. Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, Senegal, and Ghana are all building competitive local financial markets and private sector players. There are plenty of Sub-Saharan states are remain perpetually underdeveloped, but that's ignoring plenty of foundational work happening in plenty of other African states. The main difference is administrative capacity - some s…

They do have a private sector, and that should be lauded.

But we also have to be honest and concede that while the others may have usable rule of law to varying degrees, Nigeria has a looong way to go in this regard. Uganda could use a bit of help as well in that dimension.

Re: For climate and livelihoods, Africa bets big on solar mini-grids

#70

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Most of arfica (sic) has been too unstable to safely invest in. Everytime things start looking up there is another revolution and all investment is lost You can't view Africa with such broad strokes. A West African country with British administrative norms like Nigeria is going to have entirely different outcomes compared to a former Portuguese colony impacted by the Colonial Wars like Mozambique. Reality is, plent…

Are you really characterizing Nigeria's notoriously kleptocratic bureaucratic system as "relatively competent", while self-styled Singapore of Africa Rwanda is a "basket case"? Most observers would reverse those labels.

> Singapore of Africa Rwanda is a "basket case"

They spent dozens of millions of dollars on PR to make themselves the "Singapore of Africa".

I've documented this on HN previously [0][1].

Most notably, 20-25% of Rwanda's GDP remains Aid driven unlike their closest peer Uganda who now has 15% of GDP derived from ICT and an additional 10% from Finance. Yet Uganda doesn't beat their drum despite also being a personalist dictatorship. Museveni is a dick (and I went to school with some opposition members of his), but I will hand it to his administration - they concentrate on administrative capacity to a certain extent.

> Nigeria's notoriously kleptocratic bureaucratic system

They are not the most efficient, but the Nigerian Civil Service has drastically reformed over the past 15 years. Daniel "Dan" Roggers has been instrumental in this change [2], specifically by revamping the Nigerian Civil Service in the early 2010s as part of a World Bank bailout (he's now helping Lithuania and other Baltic States).

[0] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38147110

[1] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38847829

[2] - https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/d/daniel-oliver-ro...

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