TL;DR; Base models exhibit what rhe authors call "Superficial Self-Reflection" where it looks like it's reasoning but it doesn't lead to an actual improvement in answer quality. Then with RL the models learn to effectively use this reflection to improve answer quality. The whole read is interesting but I don't think the title is really an accurate description of it…
I've never seen it myself, but I've heard that Sonnet 3.5 occasionally self-corrects, although nominally not a "reasoning" model (OTOH, Anthropic don't like the "reasoning" label, and prefer to refer to a continuum of abilities). Presumably this is just a reflection of some such data in the training set.
Of course, as with anything else, the LLM is just predicting based on patterns it saw during training, so any "self-reflection" it generates isn't the model itself reflecting, and there is no reason other than luck and prompt vs training set similarity to expect that this will be valid/useful reflection/reasoning.
Where RL comes in is encouraging goal-based behavior (predictions) so that any reasoning step(s) and/or process (entire CoT) are more likely to be coherent and result in a valid CoT, and it seems this will often result in emphasizing reflection and self-correction where needed to keep the CoT on track.