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How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

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Re: How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

#71

I continue to be dismayed by AI's quixotic focus on "human" intelligence. AI is very far from pigeon-level intelligence or dog-level intelligence. I strongly suspect transformers are dumber than spiders.[1] This focus on human intelligence via formal human knowledge is putting the cart before the horse. If your "human-level" AI architecture cannot conceivably be modified for chimp intelligence, and requires bootstrap…

I’m not sure the emphasis is quixotic. I would prefer to say myopic, but the myopia is understandable: human intelligence is the only intelligence we have any firsthand experience with.

One of the things I love about computer science is that it forces us to devise definitions—working definitions at least—so that we can move forward. What is intelligence? Turns out we don’t really know. What we do know about are TASKS or PROBLEMS, and that certain kinds of machines are more or less suited for certain problems. A human intelligence is one that can solve a large range of problems, but often only with training. Is the human mind a mechanism that we can replicate or is it something more? We don’t know. Are there other kinds of intelligence? Is intelligence just a matter of definition? We don’t know.

Personally, I think it is an exciting time to be alive, because these questions are no longer merely philosophical. And we finally have the ability to start answering them scientifically.

Re: How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

#72
post #69

Earlier quoted context omitted.

True, but our consciousness comes with an integral moral compass that we are completely free to utterly ignore or even act in opposition to. It's our gift and our responsibility, and our absolute choice, for good or ill.

Is it actually integral? I’m not sure. Try asking a person whether some arbitrary scenario is right or wrong and why. A good null hypothesis is that, for people with no training in morality or ethics, responses will be uniformly distributed over outcomes.

Yes, but we can choose to ignore it. Ignorance of our human nature potentials is our choice, too, and that's the reason for the inertia of the world's societies, including ones that claim to be religious.

The key is that, just as our physical bodies have developmental stages of ever-increasing capability, so does our moral compass. We must learn how to not only use it, but to develop it and fine-tune over time, and we must train and use our mind to self-evolve ourselves.

Note that we can use our free will to de-tune it as well so that we have pointed ourselves in the direction opposite to our happiness, and that of those we come in contact with. In other words, we are free to use our abilities to create unhappiness, out of sadistic pleasure.

The first step of the spiritual path is awakening to this highest of human potential, where we learn to willfully and with difficult effort develop our moral compass in the direction of compassionate concern for the well-being of our fellow human beings. This is why the selfish -- to themselves and their in-group -- people of the world are loath to hear the term "woke"; they take pleasure in remaining ignorant of both the unhappiness they cause and thus karmically receive by their selfish actions. And the same impulse within us that seeks to keep us ignorant of our highest human potential, is also keen to keep its ideals, attitudes, and behaviors off other people's radar. The development of a selflessly compassionate morality become like garlic to a vampire (and they do suck, and suck the life-blood out of the world's systems and people, for sure, causing so much misery by their efforts).

So, yes, our moral compasses are each in various states of development, from the utterly ignored to sometimes-positive-sometimes-negative to the fully developed. As usual, such distributions follow a bell curveish shape. But only the long tail in the positive direction understands and manifests the highest morality. The middle bulk are hit or miss, per their cultures' predilections and the circumstances of their life. And the negative tail are the uttlerly selfish evil bastards of the world.

You can find a full explication of our human nature to self-evolve and the process of manifesting such change in the deep dialog I had yesterday under my comment to Maria Konnikova's poetry article submission. You have to skip past my initial reply and its grand-reply to get to the meat of it.

Re: How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

#73
post #20

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> I've been annoyed by the redefinition of artificial intelligence since the LLM boom started If there's any redefinition, it's being pushed further out. AI was previously used to describe far simpler systems, like expert systems and Deep Blue's alpha–beta search. > Predicting the next token based on a compressed dataset of human generated content isn't intelligence in any meaningful definition of the word I'd claim…

For to define "reasoning", you have to deal with (at least) the following sub-questions: 1. What is knowledge? 2. How can knowledge be encoded in a machine? LLMs say that knowledge is encoded in the relationships between words (and, in fact, has been by the corpus of human writing), and that's enough . Expert systems said that knowledge could be encoded in carefully-written rules, and that's enough . I'm pretty sure…

> For to define "reasoning"

I'd say reasoning is the process of applying logic to draw inferences from some information/axioms/assumptions. For instance if you're asked "can a fridge fit in a bread-box?" and (implicitly or explicitly) go through:

1. A fridge is much larger than a bread-box

2. Larger objects cannot fit inside smaller objects without flexibility

3. Neither objects are sufficiently flexible

4. Therefore, a fridge cannot fit in a bread-box

Then I'd be happy saying you have used reasoning to reach your answer.

> How can knowledge be encoded in a machine? [...] LLMs say that knowledge is encoded in the relationships between words [...]

I don't think it'd be fully correct to say that knowledge is only encoded by relations between words. The input/output of the model is tokens of text, but internally it'll be converted into high-dimensional semantic vector spaces of concepts.

Different words describing the same concept ("Bread-Box", "breadbin", ...), or even images in the case of multi-modal models, can be associated with the internal representation of a bread-box, from which useful semantic manipulations/inferences can be made about the concept and not just the word used to reference it (like approximating the bread-box's size, a factor potentially learned from images but applied to answer a textual question).

Re: How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

#74
post #73

Earlier quoted context omitted.

For to define "reasoning", you have to deal with (at least) the following sub-questions: 1. What is knowledge? 2. How can knowledge be encoded in a machine? LLMs say that knowledge is encoded in the relationships between words (and, in fact, has been by the corpus of human writing), and that's enough . Expert systems said that knowledge could be encoded in carefully-written rules, and that's enough . I'm pretty sure…

> For to define "reasoning" I'd say reasoning is the process of applying logic to draw inferences from some information/axioms/assumptions. For instance if you're asked "can a fridge fit in a bread-box?" and (implicitly or explicitly) go through: 1. A fridge is much larger than a bread-box 2. Larger objects cannot fit inside smaller objects without flexibility 3. Neither objects are sufficiently flexible 4. Therefore…

> I don't think it'd be fully correct to say that knowledge is only encoded by relations between words. The input/output of the model is tokens of text, but internally it'll be converted into high-dimensional semantic vector spaces of concepts.

All right, how about this: LLMs do have actual knowledge - the knowledge that was encoded in the words in the training data. That's not how they store the data internally, but the actual knowledge comes from there.

And I wasn't saying that that's enough. I was saying that the LLM advocates think, or at least claim, that it's enough.

Re: How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

#75

From the article: > “Bad things could happen because of either the misuse of AI or because we lose control of it,” says Yoshua Bengio, a deep-learning researcher at the University of Montreal, Canada. God, I hate phrases like this. We've already lost control of it. We don't have any control. AI will evolve in the rich medium of capitalism and be used by anyone due to its ease of use and even laws will be unable to re…

> We've already lost control of it. We don't have any control.

I think it's important to be clear on what's being said here:

There's a very big difference between "we, the people, do not have control over what Silicon Valley businesses and billionaires are doing with AI" and "there are AIs out there that no human has any control over".

The former is current reality. The latter is sci-fi, and nothing yet has demonstrated that it is actually possible.

The former is also precisely what I would describe as "the misuse of AI".

Re: How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

#76

Is there a distinction between LLM’s and AI, or do we consider LLM’s to exhibit intellect? I remeber Sam Altman pointing out in some interview that he considers GPT to be a reasoning machine. I suppose that if you consider what GPT does to be resoning, then calling it AI is not so far fetched. I feel it’s more like pattern recognition though rather than reasoning, since there’s no black box ”reasoning” component in a…

I've been annoyed by the redefinition of artificial intelligence since the LLM boom started. The term AI has no place being used to describe LLMs as far as I can tell, unless what goes on inside the black box of an LLM is drastically different than how they are described to function. Predicting the next token based on a compressed dataset of human generated content isn't intelligence in any meaningful definition of t…

The term "artificial intelligence" is still used, quite correctly, to refer to fully-deterministic algorithms controlling NPCs in video games of all types.

The field of "artificial intelligence" still has "machine learning" (of which LLMs are a product) as part of it.

The problem is not, and has never been, that the term "AI" was used incorrectly to describe LLMs. It's that people (like Altman) who almost certainly do know better started making marketing claims conflating them with "AGI" (aka "strong AI"), and pushing them as being genuinely "alive" and reasoning.

Most of us in the tech field, and a lot of people outside of it (eg, most gamers) fully recognize that "AI" does not automatically mean Skynet. It takes active, deceptive work on the part of the people selling these systems to prime them to make that leap.

Re: How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

#77
post #73

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> For to define "reasoning" I'd say reasoning is the process of applying logic to draw inferences from some information/axioms/assumptions. For instance if you're asked "can a fridge fit in a bread-box?" and (implicitly or explicitly) go through: 1. A fridge is much larger than a bread-box 2. Larger objects cannot fit inside smaller objects without flexibility 3. Neither objects are sufficiently flexible 4. Therefore…

> I don't think it'd be fully correct to say that knowledge is only encoded by relations between words. The input/output of the model is tokens of text, but internally it'll be converted into high-dimensional semantic vector spaces of concepts. All right, how about this: LLMs do have actual knowledge - the knowledge that was encoded in the words in the training data. That's not how they store the data internally, but…

> LLMs do have actual knowledge - the knowledge that was encoded in the words in the training data. That's not how they store the data internally, but the actual knowledge comes from there.

For non-multimodal models, and minus ephemeral context and what's encoded by the architecture (like the translational invariance of CNNs), I'd agree to that.

> And I wasn't saying that that's enough. I was saying that the LLM advocates think, or at least claim, that it's enough.

Most modern LLMs like GPT-4, LLaMA-3.2, Gemini, or Claude 3.5 are already multimodal (text, images, sometimes video, sometimes audio). If you primarily just meant that's a good pathway to building richer internal world representations (and thus better at answering questions involving 3D geometry, for instance) then I'd also agree there, though I don't see why it'd be a requirement for reasoning/etc. (opposed to just beneficial).

Re: How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

#78

General intelligence is an ability to cope, adapt and thrive in an ecology: to start from a limited set of capabilities, and via exploration, acquire a rich competence. To develop conceptualisations, techniques of coordination and control, to form novel goals and strategies to realise them, and so on. General intelligence is a strategy to defer the acquisition of abilities from the process of construction/blueprintin…

> General intelligence is an ability to cope, adapt and thrive in an ecology: to start from a limited set of capabilities, and via exploration, acquire a rich competence. To develop conceptualisations, techniques of coordination and control, to form novel goals and strategies to realise them, and so on.

One thing I've learned over the past few years is that _nobody_ knows what intelligence is, and it may not even exist as a genuinely measurable attribute. What you've described is certainly _a thing_ that is worth describing and thinking about, but it doesn't encompass everything that we think of as intelligence, and ascribes intelligence to processes which most of us don't think of as intelligent (ie, evolution and plant life).

The problem we have is that for the entire history of humanity, there has been a single example of something that "thinks like us" and our conception of what it means to be "intelligent" or to have "reason" or to "think" is just inextricably tied with all the other attributes that make us human.

I'm not at all sure that intelligence _must_ arise out of a process of evolution and natural selection, and i think that it may be possible to create an intelligent entity which completely lacks the ability to survive in an ecology on its own.

On the other hand, it's often said that while humans domesticated plants and animals, those same plants and animals also domesticated _us_. Human life rearranged itself around the requirements of farming and animal husbandry, and just in terms of pure biomass and range of habitat, becoming "domesticated" was a tremendously successful evolutionary strategy for the animals that we domesticated.

Human society is now _again_ re-arranging itself in order to take advantage of AI, and we're spending a lot of money and labor building these systems and maintaining them. It's hard to say that they haven't adapted themselves to surviving in an ecology, it's just a more abstract ecology than the sort of blood and claw ecology that we evolved in.

In some sense, these AIs are the ultimate expression of "memetic evolution" -- ideas that are able to spawn new ideas, without having any meaningful embodiment at all.

Re: How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

#79
post #14

Earlier quoted context omitted.

What redefinition? SVMs were part of AI and they're far simpler. The field of AI has covered basic algorithms for decades before LLMs.

Do you consider a basic algorithm to be artificial intelligence? You are right though, you van go back further than LLMs and find misuses of the term "artificial intelligence." That doesn't contradict my main point though, that the word has been so redefined as to be pretty meaningless to the understanding of what intelligence is. If we want to consider even basic algorithms to be intelligence, are we boiling down th…

> misuses of the term "artificial intelligence."

If it's been the way the field has used it for decades, it's not really a misuse.

> that the word has been so redefined

It's not been redefined though, other than people now wanting to moan about PR and things not being "real" AI when we've had AGI as a term to use right there.

> If we want to consider even basic algorithms to be intelligence, are we boiling down the entire concept of intelligence to mathematical equations?

Massive side argument, but I think we obey physical laws and are not magical and so fundamentally I can't see another answer.

Re: How close is AI to human-level intelligence?

#80
post #55

There is zero reasoning in it so far, everything up to today is perfectly explainable with advanced statistics and NLP. Its large _language_ models after all, no matter the hype. Still I find it excellent when exploring new knowledge domains or cross-comparing cross knowledge domains, since LLMs by design (and training corpus) will spill out highly probable terms/concepts matching my questions and phrase it nicely. S…

> everything up to today is perfectly explainable with advanced statistics and NLP Is there some concrete task or behavior that, if demonstrated, you believe wouldn't be explainable by advanced statistics and NLP? In my mind even human/animal behavior is in theory explainable with advanced statistics.

thats the jackpot question I think.

personally I am leaning towards yes, the human mind is nothing magical here, just more advanced wetware.

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