You haven't made
any of the mistakes that I see from professional web developers. (I'd critique the use of onclick, except you've found the one context where it's acceptable (even sensible!) to use onclick.) Using the Orca screen reader, the game is almost completely playable. Some feedback:
• I can't "see" when exploding star is charged up, except by clicking it every turn.
• I can't tell whether I've got the answer right or wrong. The animation is not exposed to Orca at all. It would be nice to have a text description of what's happening (which you could then apply aria-live to).
• Technically, I can find this information by navigating down and checking the HP scores, given knowledge of the game rules. (Just putting aria-live=polite on the HP elements would be a quick fix.)
• I can't necessarily read English: the other text can be auto-translated by my browser, since the page is marked lang=en, but the text in the images can't unless the alt attribute is set appropriately.
• You use - (hyphen-minus) rather than − (U+2212 MINUS SIGN). Most screen-reader users will be used to this: do NOT tweak things to make it sound better in one screen reader: that will probably break things for others. However, in this case, you do really mean 24 − 5, so it might be worth changing it.
• document.write replaces the document (not its contents), which causes some software (e.g. Firefox F12 Inspect Element) to break a bit. Orca-in-Firefox seems to cope, though, so this probably isn't a big deal.
Digital accessibility involves considering a lot of I/O modalities at once, so it's really hard. (A lot of the advice you'll find online is wrong: there are even companies who sell wrong "solutions", and it's very annoying!) Since your game is mostly HTML, with for controls, it's already very accessible. This is, in all sincerity, a lot better than most professionals can manage.
Edit: ooh, you do have a blog. I'd suggest RSS, though. Email sign up forms are a pain to manage, there are privacy problems, and it's generally less convenient than RSS.