Not quite music, but I had quite the adventure learning pitch perception as it applies to languages. As an adult I learnt to speak Japanese. Japanese has a pitch accent that is used to discriminate certain words. For example 箸 (chopsticks) and 橋(bridge) are both "hashi" but with a different pitch accent. Event though I spoke Japanese for years I couldn't hear the difference. With isolated words spoken slowly and care…
In my experience the Japanese don’t refer to this as a change in pitch, but as you say, they consider it an emphasis. The Japanese Wikipedia page for pitch accents simply call it “Accent for Japanese dialects“. That is to say, I don’t think this is pitch as in musical pitch perfect.
The closest thing in English is "uh-oh" (said when you make a mistake). It goes high-low. If you reverse the pitches it sounds completely wrong.
The pitch change in Japanese words is smaller than "uh-oh" but it's the same basic idea.