Earlier quoted context omitted.
>just put up some initial capital in exchange for even more money back Isn't that how index funds work?
People believe in index funds because of multi-decades of globalization and (in general) cheaper money, which has been less and less true since 10 years ago. Even if you bought some during the 90s, you still need a tremendous belief in yourself and the market to hold them for 30 years. It's not that easy. I know many people put the fund into a retirement fund, but 1) is every body consistently doing that for 30 years…
You don’t have to liquidate all of your investments on your retirement date.
If the market sucks so much for 5+ years and your government can’t get it pumped back up, you probably have a bigger problem than your retirement savings, such as food and energy and security shortages.
It would be bold to bet against a government not constantly decreasing the purchasing power of its currency to prop up asset prices, especially with declining proportions of young people. The political apparatus will want to maintain old people’s position at the top of the social hierarchy, and if their purchasing power isn’t maintained so they can keep buying the fruits of others’ labor, it means the country is dissolving.