Earlier quoted context omitted.
> biology will create constraints. If you're male, you may be able to bench 200kg, but probably not 500kg unless your biology allows it. On evolutionary timeframes what biology allows can evolve and the hard limits are due to chemistry and physics. > there are costs to developing large brains. The benefits would not justify the costs, over evolutionary history. > Large brains come with a significant metabolic cost. T…
> Google "evolutionary spandrels" and you will learn there can be body features (large brains of whales) that are simply a byproduct of other evolutionary pressures rather than direct adaptation. If you're a 10-150 ton whale, a 2-10 kg brain isn't a significant cost. But if you're a 50kg primate, a brain of more than 1kg IS. For humanoids over the past 10 million years, there are very active evolutionary pressures to…
Humans' ability to run long distances effectively is due to a combination of factors, with the ability to sweat being one of the most crucial. Here are the key adaptations that make humans good endurance runners: a) Efficient sweating: Humans have a high density of sweat glands, allowing for effective thermoregulation during prolonged exercise. b) Bipedalism: Our two-legged gait is energy-efficient for long-distance movement. c) Lack of fur: This helps with heat dissipation. d) Breathing independence from gait: Unlike quadrupeds, our breathing isn't tied to our running stride, allowing for better oxygen intake.
Lighter bodies (relative to size) plays a role but there plenty of creatures that have light bodies relative to size that are not great at long distance running.