First, not a lawyer. But you basically have a few paths. L1A or L1B, O visa. L1, you can work for your FrenchCo (eg, you get a job at Mistral) in France for a few years, then get transferred to the US to work for the US arm of the same FrenchCo.
Going from L1 to a greencard takes several years and is much easier if you come in on the management L1 rather than the specialist knowledge L1.
If you are a 'known' researcher, you might also be able to get here on an O visa which is for extraordinary talent. This is the visa that actors use to move to Hollywood for example, so the bar isn't as high as say needing a Nobel prize. But you need to show that you are well known in your field, eg press articles about you, papers, journals etc.
Another path might be to immigrate to Quebec, which IIRC controls its own immigration and would be especially interested in a French speaker with AI skills. Once you have Canadian residency you can dip back and forth to the US easily. I guess you could probably even get a TN visa to stay longer in the US.
All of this stuff takes years by the way. You gotta figure out if the glow of the NY tech scene will last the decade that it might take to achieve legal permanent status in the US. My journey from L1 to greencard took nearly ten years.