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Scientists should use AI as a tool, not an oracle

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Re: Scientists should use AI as a tool, not an oracle

#11

> Unfortunately, most scientific fields have succumbed to AI hype, leading to a suspension of common sense. For example, a line of research in political science claimed to predict the onset of civil war with an accuracy2 of well over 90%, a number that should sound facially impossible. (It turned out to be leakage, which is what got us interested in this whole line of research.) This coupled with people acting on its…

How would that work, do you think?

Re: Scientists should use AI as a tool, not an oracle

#12
post #8

We use search that way, don’t see why AI trained on similar content wouldn’t be just variable in terms of reliability.

This is incredibly simplistic. Search engine results give a lot of context clues about the reliability of their asserted facts and provide a potential spectrum of answers. LLM-generated answers strip all that away, and give a single authoritatively phrased answer. Even if you’re inclined to disbelieve it, the LLM answer gives you no ability to dig in, refine, or compare. It just is. If you ask a chatbot if it’s sure, it might double down, or apologize and then repeat itself, or say it was right and give a contradictory followup.

Traditional pre-spam-overload Google results could often give a high quality answer, or if not, you’d at least get the sense of the low quality. Not so with LLMs.

Re: Scientists should use AI as a tool, not an oracle

#13

> Unfortunately, most scientific fields have succumbed to AI hype, leading to a suspension of common sense. For example, a line of research in political science claimed to predict the onset of civil war with an accuracy2 of well over 90%, a number that should sound facially impossible. (It turned out to be leakage, which is what got us interested in this whole line of research.) This coupled with people acting on its…

This is true for a lot of things, not just AI. But in AI, a guy who didn't get a High School degree and wrote Harry Potter Fan Fiction is one of the leading voices in doomerism.

The problem is you can't just "use logic and reason" because simple models are not good enough. The nuance dominates, but that's why we have experts.

What's funny to me is that people will confidently argue with experts and others value their opinion over the expert's knowledge. But on the other hand, people tend to just take machines at face value. Maybe these aren't overlapping groups, but it does appear that way. There's a great irony in trusting a machine but not the person/s that built said machine.

Re: Scientists should use AI as a tool, not an oracle

#14
Scientists have been obsessed with over-optimzing for FOMO for the past decade - what papers should I read that I don't have time for, what grants should I apply for that I don't know about, what projects should I work on that will give me the best ROI, who in my field is poised to disrupt or make a big leap, etc.

Some even think that the end goal is actually an autonomous research agent that can make decisions about what questions to ask and why, and that's one of the true marks of AGI. That to me is insane and misses the entire point of science altogether, even once we reach that technical feasibility. We ask questions about the universe to expand our human relationship with the universe, not to just amass more research capital for the sake of it. And the fact that the AI snake oil has infected big chunks of science reveals which parts of it are just gold rush speculation and which aren't.

There's a more fundamental challenge of training scientists to understand why we ask the questions we ask. You can't just offload that to some background task and trust that it makes sense.

Re: Scientists should use AI as a tool, not an oracle

#15

Not just scientists, but everyone! My partner recently went a bit nuts writing an article with the help of GPT4. She was very proud of how productive she'd been until I asked if she'd actually searched for the papers GPT4 had referred to. Of course, many of the referred to papers didn't exist...

That is not writing with the help of GPT 4, that is letting it write for you! I can’t imagine doing anything creative and letting a computer source material for me without having reviewed the material first hand, even if it was accurate. Clearly, this is not where everyone’s head is at, and I suspect your wife’s workflow is more the common case.

I’ve said from the outset that in academic settings you should be able to cite an AI as a writing assistant, it would clear up a lot of the confusion about its use. If you used it poorly it’s still on you, but at least there’s some transparency by which to judge the work.

Re: Scientists should use AI as a tool, not an oracle

#16

> Unfortunately, most scientific fields have succumbed to AI hype, leading to a suspension of common sense. For example, a line of research in political science claimed to predict the onset of civil war with an accuracy2 of well over 90%, a number that should sound facially impossible. (It turned out to be leakage, which is what got us interested in this whole line of research.) This coupled with people acting on its…

How would that work, do you think?

If you knew everyone would ask gpt before doing anything, you would make gpt say what woudl generally be considered the better option. Not going to war, not committing suicide, etc. In this way even if war was the optimal decision according to some other utility function, the behavior of people is directed in a positive way. (Presumably)

Re: Scientists should use AI as a tool, not an oracle

#17

The worst is having random people questioning your expertise because of what ChatGPT told them.

To be fair, people did this before ChatGPT. It's just the thing they point to as evidence now, and they'll always find something. The underlying problem is much bigger:

1) people confidently arguing with domain experts about topics that they have little to no experience in.

2) people valuing the opinions of arguers from 1 over experts.

Re: Scientists should use AI as a tool, not an oracle

#19
In my professional work, I treat chatgpt as a search engine that I feel I can ask questions of in a natural manner. I often find small flaws in technical solutions it offers, but it can still provide useful starting points to investigate. I rarely trust code it generates (at least for the language I mainly work in) as i’ve seen it make some serious mistakes (eg: using keywords in the language that don’t exist)

Re: Scientists should use AI as a tool, not an oracle

#20

Not just scientists, but everyone! My partner recently went a bit nuts writing an article with the help of GPT4. She was very proud of how productive she'd been until I asked if she'd actually searched for the papers GPT4 had referred to. Of course, many of the referred to papers didn't exist...

Sadly it's not even just references, LLMs still hallucinate or at least misrepresent even the most basic of facts. That and the stereotypical GPT-verbage makes it impossible to use for writing anything significant.

> LLMs still hallucinate

Keep in mind that there's no difference between what happens inside a model when it "hallucinates" vs. when it generates "correct" output. It's the exact same process.

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