Live data from Hacker News

Thousands of small businesses are struggling because of R&D amortization

twitter.com

111–120 of 369 posts

Re: Thousands of small businesses are struggling because of R&D amortization

#111
post #54
post #7

More detail with math here. Lawmakers are discussing delaying these changes for a few years and/or allowing deductions for domestic employees, but all depends on signing a budget, which is never certain. https://blog.pragmaticengineer.com/section-174/

So far as I can find the last time Congress bothered to pass a budget was 2016 with the prior one in 2010. The government has been funding itself instead with “continuing resolutions” which pretty much just continue spending as the prior year modulo marginal changes. Incidentally this is why federal deficits have exploded since 2010: the financial crisis “one time” trillion dollar stimulus has been continued every ye…

Don't forget the $3Trillion deficit for Covid. First done under Trump in 2020 then repeated by Biden in 2021 so it's not a partisan thing.

Re: Thousands of small businesses are struggling because of R&D amortization

#112

Since this is already hanging around for an entire tax year a lot of companies are 1/5th into that pain. If this does not get changed in the next few months it would not surprise me if this becomes the new norm. Which would also be quite interesting to see how that would play out. Some companies apparently have already been amortizing salaries for a while in anticipation of this (eg: Google). Given that this also gre…

Is it true that they are 1/5th into the pain? What about every new hire? That's the part I don't understand. It seems to discourage companies from increasing their headcount. Also, what happens when an employee leaves after 2 years? The company paid 2 years of salary but expensed only 35% of year 1 and 15% of year 2. Update: Now thinking about it, it doesn't matter if an employee leaves, since the company will expens…

You already have such amortizations for a lot of things. In some cases this even gives you possibilities to improve your tax burden. It just means that you cannot deduct it all in one year. If you downsize a company to zero employees you still get to subtract salaries for a few more years against your profits.

It will set different incentives wiring wise and I’m not convinced they are good ones, but from this rule some people will benefit so they might fight the rollback.

Re: Thousands of small businesses are struggling because of R&D amortization

#113

Since this is already hanging around for an entire tax year a lot of companies are 1/5th into that pain. If this does not get changed in the next few months it would not surprise me if this becomes the new norm. Which would also be quite interesting to see how that would play out. Some companies apparently have already been amortizing salaries for a while in anticipation of this (eg: Google). Given that this also gre…

> Some companies apparently have already been amortizing salaries for a while in anticipation of this (eg: Google) > Given that this also greatly punishes outsourcing Anyone help me understand these more? My understanding was that instead of deducting the costs of paying software devs the year it happened, it will be spread over 5 years. Which leads to a bigger tax bill now, and benefits bigger companies with deeper…

For foreign contractors the time frame is 15 years instead of 5.

Re: Thousands of small businesses are struggling because of R&D amortization

#114
post #83

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Why is spreading something out over 15 years harder than spreading it out over 5?

So this year if I spend $150k on foreign research (which includes ANY software development), and then I also earn $150k in revenue: despite me having $0 in the bank, I will only be able to deduct 1/15 of that, or $10k. In other words, I’ll be taxed as if I made $140k of profit, despite me not having any actual money left over. You can see how if this was 5 years, then I could deduct 1/5 and I would be taxed on $120k…

I thought employee wages were always deducted. Is that not the case ?

Re: Thousands of small businesses are struggling because of R&D amortization

#115
post #54
post #7

More detail with math here. Lawmakers are discussing delaying these changes for a few years and/or allowing deductions for domestic employees, but all depends on signing a budget, which is never certain. https://blog.pragmaticengineer.com/section-174/

So far as I can find the last time Congress bothered to pass a budget was 2016 with the prior one in 2010. The government has been funding itself instead with “continuing resolutions” which pretty much just continue spending as the prior year modulo marginal changes. Incidentally this is why federal deficits have exploded since 2010: the financial crisis “one time” trillion dollar stimulus has been continued every ye…

But it would be so draconian to not increase spending insanely every year!

Re: Thousands of small businesses are struggling because of R&D amortization

#116
post #106

How does one determine whether work done by an employee is classified as R&D or as an immediate expense? If a programmer is building an app that isn't yet offered as a product, is that R&D? If a programmer is maintaining an app that is offered as a product, is that NOT R&D?

See section 5 of this IRS guidance: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-23-63.pdf tldr: if they're developing new features, it has to be capitalized; if they're doing maintenance then it can be immediately expensed

This is actually great if true! Maybe companies will finally be incentivized to start fixing their bugs rather than cramming unwanted features and UI re-designs into their software products!

However I doubt they'd leave such an obvious loophole. Surely the IRS's definition of R&D includes all types of software development activity.

Re: Thousands of small businesses are struggling because of R&D amortization

#117

Earlier quoted context omitted.

This isn’t like a loan where the longer the term the smaller the payments. It’s the reverse. You essentially pay taxes now on income, and can’t deduct costs for 5 or 15 years. So it’s kind of like pre-paying taxes and not getting the money back for 5/15 years. Say that you need to go borrow cash to cover the shortfall. Is it cheaper to borrow money for 5 or 15 years?

Hah I'm still trying to understand how software developer pay should be a deduction at all.

It's like any payment to any contractor.

If my business makes 400k/year, but I pay a contractor 100k during that year, my effective income is reduced by 100k.

Re: Thousands of small businesses are struggling because of R&D amortization

#119

Any accidental policy that disincentivizes R&D is stupid, but par for the course in recent history for the U.S. Major materials innovations are discovered here, but the only nations that want to actually invest and build upon them are currently in Asia. The argument was that the US wants to transition away from building things towards building software which is more profitable, and then this... This is what happens w…

> Any accidental policy that disincentivizes R&D is stupid

The problem with section 174 is not that it disincentivizes R&D. These rules were already in place for R&D spending, and were generally welcomed by companies with actual R&D expenditures.

The problem with section 174 is that it essentially forces ALL expenditure on software development to be treated like R&D.

Re: Thousands of small businesses are struggling because of R&D amortization

#120
I've been researching this for another issue. Anyhow, expensing R&D is a perennial political issue. Logically, if you're creating an income-producing asset, then you have to depreciate it over its useful life. The theory is sound, but of course politicians can mess with it, as they do.

But I thought the "useful life" of software was 3 years. No?

Post reply on HN