I know it depends on the analysis, but I often am doing somewhat embarassingly parallel things. So just knowing GNU parallel for mid-scale things (and R/python basically parallelism, although shared memory is a bear), and how to temporarily scale across the cloud to like 500 core, is huge.
Fwiw, a single u-12tb1.112xlarge has 448 cores.
Each logical processor is a hyperthread on 224 cores.
A logical processor is the number of the processor's cores multiplied by the number of threads per core.
2 threads per core.