It is the same in Dutch. "To be" and "to have" are modal verbs that can be combined with other verbs to convey a mixture of past, present, and future tenses.
For example, in some forms of the past tense, you must start the sentence with 1. subject, 2. modal verb, rest of the sentence, and then the verb infinitive.
Ik _ben_ naar de supermarkt gegaan.
"I _am_ to the supermarket gone." - is the literal translation. The correct translation would be "I went to the supermarket."
But for a different verb, say, "Zitten" (to sit), you have to create the past tense with the verb "to have"
Ik _heb_ op de bank gezeten.
I _have_ on the couch sat. You get the idea.
There is a rule for when to use "be/have" and it relates to what I've been told is "a sense of movement or change". This could be literal, like a change of location, starting/stopping, or it could even be a _change of mind_. In those scenarios, you use "to be", which I think makes logical sense! You are literally changing yourself, changing your state of being, by literally moving or thinking about something in a different way.
In all other scenarios, you use "to have". It makes less logical sense on it's own, but is fine when you contrast it with "to be."
It is by far the hardest part of grok-ing a vital part of the grammar, but I am thankful that it at least follows some sort of logical rules when I compare it to English. Being native speakers, we take a lot of those things for granted.