Such research is actually why we started building our note-taking app[1] around digital notecards.
When I was in university I was reading a lot of this literature, and came to the same conclusion as many of the researchers – the problem seems to be that typists just type too fast, and default to writing down everything a lecturer says instead of synthesizing/summarizing information as they go (which requires actual understanding).
So we developed our (short-form digital notecard) format in the hopes that it would encourage users to slow down a bit and actually think about the notes they were making, and compartmentalize them as they went. We haven't actually done any studies ourselves, so I have no idea if it actually helps our average user, but for me personally it has made me take better notes.
Mildly tangential but this is also why we have decided not to add any LLM features to our app yet – although very tempting to add the hot new thing, I personally feel that outsourcing your thinking to an LLM (in the case of a PKM system / "second brain") will almost certainly be a net negative for most people.
[1] https://supernotes.app