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CatalaLang/catala: Programming language for law specification

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Re: CatalaLang/catala: Programming language for law specification

#181

I think what I'd rather see is a standardize test suite format for laws that spells out the intentions. Once I lived in a state that proposed a very simple anti-child porn law with good intent, but it was too simple. It read sort of like "anyone sending explicit pictures of minors from a cell phone will be guilty of conveying child porn". It was written in the proper legal jargon, but wasn't a whole lot more detailed…

I think for something like this to be effective, you need the actual intent encoded correctly (so this use case wouldn’t have been solved), and lawmakers acting in good faith (i.e., not drafting legislation that’s intentionally vague such that it can cast a wide net and force people to use the courts to dispute things).

You don't need those voting for the bill to act in good faith if you have as part of the system of passing bills that the opposition gets to write the (adversarial part of the) test suite. Then either that forces any loopholes (or other undesirable effects) to be: updated as explicitly intended (with bad publicity and potential for reversion upon a change of government); or taken into account and the bill updated to reflect that, or left in the test case for case law to cite as intended.

Either way you really want intent to be encoded somehow.

Re: CatalaLang/catala: Programming language for law specification

#184
post #17

I don't think there's much of a problem with actually reasoning about a law's text that a computer can help solve. The complicated bit is weighing equities, which still requires humans and lawyers.

+1. I see one benefit of this language -- it could make it much easier to write programs to compute taxes and benefits. Beyond that I don't see what it could possibly offer.

Are there any lawmakers, lawyers or judges excited about this, or is it only programmers?

Re: CatalaLang/catala: Programming language for law specification

#185

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> How many people have been improperly punsihed/set free because of a poor interpretation of the word "child" in a specific law? How many improperly punished people is good enough? How many cases go to Supreme Court because the amount of needless ambiguity just adds up, one word at a time? > This is far more relevant than every law taking up valuable space to define what such a common word means. Right? Why do many l…

I don't know how many is good enough. If it's every other person, than that's bad; if it's two people since the law was written 50 years ago, I would say that's good enough in my book. Which is it? And no, cases don't often make it to the Supreme Court because the wording of the law is ambiguous. They make it to the SC because the parties disagree on legal principles and on whether laws are unconstituional or not. >…

> And no, cases don't often make it to the Supreme Court because the wording of the law is ambiguous. They make it to the SC because the parties disagree on legal principles and on whether laws are unconstituional or not.

I'm not from your legal system, and yet even I know that's not right: they make it the SC because the 'losing' party disagrees with a lower judge's decision that's already been made, and makes an argument compelling enough in appealing it that it needs to be reconsidered. (A few times, to get as far as the SC, probably.) That almost has to be because of some 'ambiguity' - the lower judge decided one way and the appeal is 'well no I don't think that's the correct reading'.

Re: CatalaLang/catala: Programming language for law specification

#186

Earlier quoted context omitted.

This is quite a misunderstanding of how the law actually works, probably enhanced by lots of lawyer TV emphasizing obscure wording tricks. In reality, laws are already written in a relatively normal language, and the words almost always mean exactly what they mean in plain English. The only problem is that the legal concepts they describe are themselves complex, and often they end up in a tangle of references to othe…

IANAL but from my experience reading laws, they're written in a way that looks like it's trying to replicate programming-language-esque nested logic, but in prose format—instead of using physical layout to establish the relationships between concepts, they use words, which I find more confusing. I would rather read laws written in a more structured format.

You (as a software engineer or similar) have been trained to read the 'more structured format' you'd prefer; lawyers have been trained to read 'prose'.

Don't get me wrong I'd prefer it too, I just recognise it's a consequence of my own education and experience, and if we somehow flipped the switch overnight most lawyers would be completely baffled and pining for the much clearer old way.

Re: CatalaLang/catala: Programming language for law specification

#187

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The words almost always mean almost exactly what they mean in plain English. That’s why the law is a huge mess. As a fun exercises, try to find how many definitions of “child” there are in the US law and how many times it’s used undefined.

> As a fun exercises, try to find how many definitions of “child” there are in the US law and how many times it’s used undefined. Which is why it is the common standard in German law to define every possibly unclear term either in the relevant section of the law itself or in an introduction article.

It's the standard in the US, too, but "child" is a case where plenty of lawmakers have assumed it couldn't possibly be misunderstood, while plenty of others have defined it with contradictory definitions in their respective sections.

The latter is better than the former, but it also makes it even harder to interpret sections with no definition.

Re: CatalaLang/catala: Programming language for law specification

#188

I think what I'd rather see is a standardize test suite format for laws that spells out the intentions. Once I lived in a state that proposed a very simple anti-child porn law with good intent, but it was too simple. It read sort of like "anyone sending explicit pictures of minors from a cell phone will be guilty of conveying child porn". It was written in the proper legal jargon, but wasn't a whole lot more detailed…

It's great that your congressperson was enlightened enough to pull the bill. Some states (such as Minnesota) apparently actively prosecute children for sexting.

[1] https://www.aclu.org/news/juvenile-justice/minnesota-prosecu...

Re: CatalaLang/catala: Programming language for law specification

#189
post #89
post #43

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I partly like this idea in theory, but believe it is literally 100% impossible to come up with a better "test suite" than "the actual court system?"

Yeah, there’s no way that a modern computer could outdo the logical accuracy and processing power of our 300 year old legal system. Court rooms and arguing and paperwork, much more efficient than silicon.

Trying to measure it for "logical accuracy" and using ideas like "processing power" so very deeply demonstrates how little you understand what actually is happening.

Re: CatalaLang/catala: Programming language for law specification

#190
post #41

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Sure, I think I posted my response not because "it could never solve ANY problems," but instead "way too many non-lawyers, especially techy-non-lawyers, have the deeply misplaced idea that is a very important, perhaps THE most important, problem to solve in the law." It's just not very high on the list at all.

> It's just not very high on the list at all. Maybe not for lawyers, no. But as a citizen I'm expected to comply with the law, with many many laws. It'd actually be nice if law was slightly more formally verifiable, so it would be easier for me to understand what to comply with. Being able to break down clauses into more logical normal forms would probably greatly enhance the possibility of compliance.

It really wouldn't though.

For every bit of gained clarity, you'd also gain a ton of people like the "sovereign whatever" idiots who just love trolling, with the added negative of them having more "formal proof" of their untenable silliness.

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