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Can LLMs learn from a single example?

fast.ai

11–20 of 143 posts

Re: Can LLMs learn from a single example?

#12

Does anyone know if LLMs have been used to augment their own training data? I wonder what would happen if you trained an LLM on a little input but then had it generate a lot of synthetic input added to the training data. I think of it as "dreaming". This seems like it would just add noise, but LLMs are able to improve their output by augmenting their own context (by "thinking out loud"), maybe they can do the same wi…

It's interesting that this conclusion is the exact opposite of a sibling comment, which proposes that a small, human-curated corpus may be more effective than big, synthetic datasets.

Re: Can LLMs learn from a single example?

#13
That's intriguing. But what I want to see is if that one example can change the whole web of knowledge previously established. So, for example, if we finetune the model with a sentence like "Scientists discovered that a type of antigen can make a host immune to HIV" will it then be able to infer that "mRNA vaccines are a valid preventive approach to AIDS since they may be able to express a type of resistance known to make hosts immune to HIV"?

Re: Can LLMs learn from a single example?

#14
post #12

Does anyone know if LLMs have been used to augment their own training data? I wonder what would happen if you trained an LLM on a little input but then had it generate a lot of synthetic input added to the training data. I think of it as "dreaming". This seems like it would just add noise, but LLMs are able to improve their output by augmenting their own context (by "thinking out loud"), maybe they can do the same wi…

It's interesting that this conclusion is the exact opposite of a sibling comment, which proposes that a small, human-curated corpus may be more effective than big, synthetic datasets.

I have no "conclusion". I'm just wondering.

Re: Can LLMs learn from a single example?

#15
post #10

If this holds true, this would support the idea that much smaller, human curated datasets will be of much higher value than synthetic datasets generated by LLMs

I assume there is a value metric that balances quantity with quantity that may be exploitable in our mid-gains period of understanding the tech behavior -- meaning potential gains from synthetic data. That said, I also expect no-free-lunch to kick in at some point, and synthetic data doesn't always pay attention to the data generating process for outliers.

Re: Can LLMs learn from a single example?

#16
post #2

Thank you for posting this to HN! :D I'm one of the authors of this post -- Johno & I found it really interesting looking into this curious issue of rapid memorization from LLMs. I've been working with neural nets for 30 years, and fine-tuning language models since 2017, and this behavior is most surprising to me! Other folks have seen it in LLMs too, although I haven't seen a analysis of this kind before (although w…

What is the base model? I think that was a big oversight to leave that out and attribute this to LLMs in general.

Although I am not a researcher, it is obvious to me that not all LLMs are the same architecture, and I think that even ones with similar architecture can evolve to functionally operate quite differently on the same inputs.

Yet most articles seem to refer to LLMs as if they were just one architecture and model.

Re: Can LLMs learn from a single example?

#17
post #2

Thank you for posting this to HN! :D I'm one of the authors of this post -- Johno & I found it really interesting looking into this curious issue of rapid memorization from LLMs. I've been working with neural nets for 30 years, and fine-tuning language models since 2017, and this behavior is most surprising to me! Other folks have seen it in LLMs too, although I haven't seen a analysis of this kind before (although w…

Very cool. This came up in a huggingface transformers issue a while ago and we also determined memorization to be the likely reason. It's nice to see someone else reach the same conclusion.

https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/18730

Re: Can LLMs learn from a single example?

#18
Does this mean it is now computationally efficient to have the model learn/memorize information on the fly, say the current chat context, as part of the model weights? One shot encoding (something the hippocampus is very good at) allows us to build experiences into retrievable memories tied into semantic concepts we've previously learned..in fact it gets better the more rich our semantic conceptualization of events become from childhood into adulthood.

If memorization of events in llm is accelerated because of- these deep semantic frameworks, then does this provide a path towards long context windows?

Re: Can LLMs learn from a single example?

#19
post #2

Thank you for posting this to HN! :D I'm one of the authors of this post -- Johno & I found it really interesting looking into this curious issue of rapid memorization from LLMs. I've been working with neural nets for 30 years, and fine-tuning language models since 2017, and this behavior is most surprising to me! Other folks have seen it in LLMs too, although I haven't seen a analysis of this kind before (although w…

Hi Jeremy, always a fan of your work! Just a technical note since it falls under my domain of expertise (astronomy) -- the example about MOND described here should actually have choice (E) as the correct answer!

Re: Can LLMs learn from a single example?

#20
post #2

Thank you for posting this to HN! :D I'm one of the authors of this post -- Johno & I found it really interesting looking into this curious issue of rapid memorization from LLMs. I've been working with neural nets for 30 years, and fine-tuning language models since 2017, and this behavior is most surprising to me! Other folks have seen it in LLMs too, although I haven't seen a analysis of this kind before (although w…

Hey Jeremy, it seems like you could calculate exactly how much a model learns in a single step by calculating the loss for a batch a second time (with no_grad) after the loss is calculated the first time and gradients are updated. This seems like it could produce interesting outputs when graphing the difference of first and second losses at the batch or observation/question level.
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