I think the idea originally was that int would usually be the preferred "natural" size for arithmetic on any given platform. Longer sizes are available when you need greater range, and smaller sizes are available when you're trying to conserve memory, but both may be slower than int (because of the possible need for multiple-word arithmetic in the longer sizes, and the possible need for sub-word operations in the smaller sizes).
So int is for things like loop indices, where efficiency of arithmetic is more important than size in memory.