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Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

dkriesel.com

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Re: Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

#11

Other recent related submissions/discussions: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34815391 - "Xerox copier flaw changes numbers in scanned docs (2013)" (theregister.com), 36 points, 3 months ago, 8 comments https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32537073 - "JBIG2 Undetectable Data Corruption: Destroying Our Past, One Character at a Time" (circuitousroot.com), 67 points, 9 months ago, 34 comments

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Re: Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

#12
post #10

This is basically the same thing Samsung and friends doing to their camera app. Expect, in Samsung's case, some user love this.

It's not quite the same, in that at least the false numbers come from elsewhere in the document being scanned. Samsung is pulling data from elsewhere on the internet to "correct" images.

Re: Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

#13
post #8

Even though this happened a long time ago, whenever I hear or think about it, I am a mazed that it didn't put Xerox out of business, or at least hurt a little more. After all, some big players were already doing digital archiving at the time. :-/ BTW, the CCC had a pretty neat presentation at that time as well: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0O6UXrOZJo

The youtube link is David presenting his work that he describes in the originally linked article. One of the legendary presentations in CCC's history.

Re: Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

#14
post #10

This is basically the same thing Samsung and friends doing to their camera app. Expect, in Samsung's case, some user love this.

No, it really isn't. Xerox had a bug in the image compression algorithm. Smartphones use neural networks and multiple exposures to achieve picture quality far beyond what the hardware is capable of. This is very different technology for a very different purpose.

Re: Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

#15
I remember this talk quite well. Also the other talks by David are interesting.

Somehow there are not really consequences on this. So either archiving stuff, at least in the business context, is not really important. Or we simply trust these copies. The latter one is of course scary.

Re: Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

#16
post #10

This is basically the same thing Samsung and friends doing to their camera app. Expect, in Samsung's case, some user love this.

The issue was, that a small font sizes and default print quality settings, the caching mechanism would consider some digits like 0 and 8 to be similar enough, to use the cache - which would end up switching numbers around.

This finding did completely invalidate the financial book keeping and backup of tax records of many companies.

I sure hope nobody uses the Samsung camera app to file their taxes and keep their books...

Re: Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

#17
post #9
post #8

Even though this happened a long time ago, whenever I hear or think about it, I am a mazed that it didn't put Xerox out of business, or at least hurt a little more. After all, some big players were already doing digital archiving at the time. :-/ BTW, the CCC had a pretty neat presentation at that time as well: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0O6UXrOZJo

Maybe, these – the demise of Xerox not happening and the size of the players involved – are related? As in: none wants their archives and data bases put in question? (Meaning, in order to claim damages, you'd have to admit that there is damage, indeed.)

But Xerox has admitted that the character substitution was enabled on all compression levels even though they claimed it was only active on one specific level.

So theoretically, everyone who archived during that time using Xerox WorkCentres has to question their documents.

Re: Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

#18
This can happen in some compression modes of DjVu as well at high compression factors, where the background and foreground is separated and the foreground (text, usually) is split into glyphs that can be shared by different instances. Mess up the recognition and the letters on the page appear literally different in the compressed "oulput".

Re: Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

#19
post #16
post #10

This is basically the same thing Samsung and friends doing to their camera app. Expect, in Samsung's case, some user love this.

The issue was, that a small font sizes and default print quality settings, the caching mechanism would consider some digits like 0 and 8 to be similar enough, to use the cache - which would end up switching numbers around. This finding did completely invalidate the financial book keeping and backup of tax records of many companies. I sure hope nobody uses the Samsung camera app to file their taxes and keep their book…

I'm sure many people do. There are tons of apps to scan and parse invoices. Makes sense as the current mid range phone cameras work just as well as mid range scanners but don't take any space and do that job an order of magnitude faster.

Re: Xerox scanners randomly alter numbers in scanned documents (2013)

#20
Using OCRmyPDF, I applied lossless JBIG2 compression to a scanned book, after some consideration.

* the OCRmyPDF docs point to the JBIG2 Wikipedia page, and the Disadvantages section - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JBIG2#Disadvantages - so it's easier to avoid this bug

* I'd hoped OCR would fall out of the process, but nope

* from the Wikipedia page, huh, the Pegasus malware exploited iOS's implementation of JBIG2

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