Python also has doctest https://docs.python.org/3/library/doctest.html since ... a long time now. The documentation tools are not as advanced as Go's and as far as I know, there's no way to "run the examples" yourself. It's a great way to write tests for some functions though, to me the sweet spot is for small, without side effects functions. It's totally possible for bigger functions but then all the initialization…
Actually unittest as a whole, testing in ts/JS feels like a mess, everything is just fanned out everywhere, there has been such a lack of structure in our codebase. I’m sure there are examples of well organized testing suites, but I’ve yet to find them.