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Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

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Re: Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

#151

Every time I see technology like this, I wonder why there so much effort and publicity in capturing carbon from thin air, but no one seems to be interested in capturing carbon directly out of exhaust pipe?

Because what you should do with a large static exhaust pipe is to turn it off. And after you do that, you will still need capture from air. But on the company's side, it's probably because the companies that own large static exhaust pipes aren't interested on helping cleaning anything up.

There are examples - and, I guess, a rather common practice in some places - cleaning up the exhaust from large plants.

The company may not be interested until ordered by judge. Or resented an air cleaning bill. Or having loss of market when customers require ecology-aware approach. Sometimes companies aren't interested even then. Our job is to change this.

Re: Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

#152
post #59

Climate scientist David Ho has a good thread on CDR: https://mastodon.world/@davidho/109511745525784891 It's hard for people to visualize removing tons or billions of tons of #carbon #dioxide (CO₂). I propose we talked about CO₂ #removal (CDR) like a #time #machine (e.g., this machine will take us back 5 minutes). For example: Q: How far back in time does planting 100 million #trees take us? A: If one mature tree tak…

This is an excellent unit of CO2 to communicate with. I’ve read Vacslav Simil’s books and I still have to look up numbers when hearing about a million tons of CO2.

Maybe 100 million trees sounds like a lot, but there is three trillion trees on earth right now and it is not like we are making a concerted effort to substantially increase that number.

Re: Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

#153

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Humans will have to adapt to a new climate regime, by necessity. It's not going to be very pretty. Somehow, I get a sense that the governing bodies are going to cause far more harm to people than the climate change. Similar to how Mao ordered the mass killing of Sparrows in a misguided belief that since sparrows eat crops, killing sparrows will increase yields. Unfortunately, killing the sparrows meant a predator o…

>Somehow, I get a sense that the governing bodies are going to cause far more harm to people than the climate change. That sense is called "your priors." This is a very simple, mostly linear switch on top of very very very complex systems, ie CO2 concentration. Your argument is basically "we broke it, but if we fix it it will be more broken" and there's just no evidence for that, just speculation. As long as other ba…

> That sense is called "your priors."

I have my priors & you have yours. "Your priors" seems to be that funneling money to large institutions fixes our problems. My prior is that funneling money to large institutions creates corruption & misaligned incentives. History has shown that large institutions which have utopian ideals make dreadful mistakes often based on a silver bullet mentality. If only we kill all of the sparrows there will be more food. If only we remove CO2 from the air, we will achieve some sort of balance...which has yet to be defined.

> This is a very simple, mostly linear switch on top of very very very complex systems, ie CO2 concentration.

Given how little we know about the Sun's cyclic behavior & the inaccuracies the climate models have been in their predictions...I am skeptical of your "silver bullet" assertion.

> Your argument is basically "we broke it, but if we fix it it will be more broken" and there's just no evidence for that, just speculation.

Actually, my argument is that the climate always changes throughout Earth's history. We broke nothing except polluting local areas, which btw is not measured with CO2. In Earth's geological history, there's more evidence that CO2 lags increases in temperature...indicating that CO2 is a side effect of increased temperature. The anthropocene is different as there are emissions from humans, yet there have been periods of mass burning from cosmic sources, volcanic activity, etc. During these times the "runaway greenhouse effect" failed to materialize.

The temperature records have shown an increase after we left an ice age a little more than 200 years ago. I'm not surprised that temperatures increase at the end of an ice age.

> As long as other bad policy decisions aren't made because of the existence of CO2 sequestration there is absolutely no reason not to use it, but it's one out of perhaps 100 major initiatives that will be required to get us back to a good level.

Mao & his scientists also had "absolutely no reason" not to kill all of the Sparrows. Within their contextual worldview, it was logical...yet in reality it was dreadfully wrong. Bad things happen when people & institutions become arrogant in their assertions & approach broader systems with dogma instead of curiosity.

The Earth has gone through periods of significantly higher CO2 & yet life flourished. Plant growth benefits from CO2.

> get us back to a good level

What indicates what a good level is? CO2 on Earth has gone through large fluctuations.

> you're living in a man-made climate crisis

Earth has gone through some far greater climatic variability than we are seeing today. The climate models models are speculative & horrible at predicting what will occur within a few years span, let alone decades. If we are so concerned about man-made impacts on the environment, why not concentrate on pollution that damages ecosystems & people instead? If we are concerned about climate change which has always occurred in Earth's history & will continue to occur, why not focus on helping people adjust to the impacts. Spending vast amounts of money based on speculative & inaccurate models is a terrible idea & will probably have "unforseen impacts".

Luckily this is probably dead on arrival. People are more interested in their own well being than appeasing some sort of doomsday scenario based on models that have so far been useless in their predictive abilities.

Re: Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

#154
post #59

Climate scientist David Ho has a good thread on CDR: https://mastodon.world/@davidho/109511745525784891 It's hard for people to visualize removing tons or billions of tons of #carbon #dioxide (CO₂). I propose we talked about CO₂ #removal (CDR) like a #time #machine (e.g., this machine will take us back 5 minutes). For example: Q: How far back in time does planting 100 million #trees take us? A: If one mature tree tak…

Yet I see carbon capture being a top pick in discussions about effective altruism and by the clean air task force. I believe their reasoning is that for the amount of money invested, it remains one of the most efficient investment to decarbonize. I don't know what to do with that information.

Presumably because getting the world to stop burning fossil fuels is an enormous effort, which we're not doing an especially good job of, so far. Carbon capture isn't practical yet either (opinions differ on if it ever can be, and there certainly are some big problems to overcome), but that might still make it easier to pull off than ceasing our CO2-producing ways.

Re: Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

#155

Earlier quoted context omitted.

We're not talking about some kind of very complex macro object. We're talking about converting hydrocarbons -> CO2 + water (or whatever if you care) and reversing that reaction (or similar, since we may want something more stable than hydrocarbons). There are already machines which do this (anything that does photosynthesis). We're just going to play around the edges of making the reaction more efficient and/or the r…

Oil before burning is an incredibly concentrated source of carbon. After burning, it’s less than 0.05% of the makeup of the atmosphere. If it were so simple, we’d be doing it . Over here in reality, carbon capture remains a difficult and unsolved problem in practice, requiring enormous amounts of energy that is—at present—generally far better put to use replacing carbon-based forms of energy than trying to put the ca…

That's an interesting way to move the goalposts.

You started with a complex macro object and said it's difficult to reassemble. I noted that the reaction is actually simple, this isn't an information problem.

This is a technology problem, and one we are actively working on. And with the correct technology it is a not a large problem.

Re: Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

#156
post #99
post #22

Their subscription page is currently offering a rate of about $1.35 USD per kg of CO2 removed, and they promise to complete your order within 6 years. It’s nice to have some hard numbers on end-stage or “gold standard” CO2 offset (no doubt there are cheaper carbon credit options but this directly solves the hardest problem, CO2 that’s diffused into the atmosphere.

It would take around £12k a year to offset my carbon footprint in the UK, where it is below average. That's a significant part of my take-home salary. I could spend maybe £1-2k a year, especially given the futility of this (I would be one of the 0.00...01% of people doing this, large industries will continue to increase pollution, there is no political will for meaningful measures to reduce emissions). There really i…

Source filtering can definitely be done more cost-effectively, quite dramatically so. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/19427 has a lot of details and citations on various processes that achieve this. Just to give an idea of the different scale - they quote a few simulations showing $55/ton on a 300MW coal plant (capturing 60kg per second) and $35/ton on natural gas power plants - which means your bill for total decarbonisation would be under £500 for the year.

The only issue is that, ironically, source capture is a limited resource. Once that 60kg/s worth of cheap carbon offsets are bought up, the next person has to buy offsets from a slightly more expensive source capture setup. Eventually all the output of all the power plants will be captured in this way and you have to start capturing from smaller sources like vehicles. I don’t know the state of the art in automobile exhaust capture but I do recall the math on a basic temperature swing adsorption system for diesel trucks that relies on waste engine heat to avoid performance penalties and could capture 90% of CO2 emissions. A full tank of diesel emissions is roughly one ton of CO2 and you needed something ridiculous like ten tons of adsorbent to capture that. (I am sure it is possible to do much better.)

It probably makes sense for ships, maybe for trucks, probably not for cars, and I can’t see it ever being sensible for aircraft.

The nice thing about direct air capture is that it provides a simple economic limit. You don’t need to figure out how to do carbon capture on a plane, you just capture it from the air after the fact.

Re: Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

#157

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Oil before burning is an incredibly concentrated source of carbon. After burning, it’s less than 0.05% of the makeup of the atmosphere. If it were so simple, we’d be doing it . Over here in reality, carbon capture remains a difficult and unsolved problem in practice, requiring enormous amounts of energy that is—at present—generally far better put to use replacing carbon-based forms of energy than trying to put the ca…

That's an interesting way to move the goalposts. You started with a complex macro object and said it's difficult to reassemble. I noted that the reaction is actually simple, this isn't an information problem. This is a technology problem, and one we are actively working on. And with the correct technology it is a not a large problem.

Yes, not a large problem at all. We just have to bioengineer a new organism that has to be wildly successful in its biome while simultaneously not becoming food for other aquatic life nor subject to decomposition after death.

Trivial, really.

Re: Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

#158
post #111

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Natural sequestration is a very slow process. If we want to avoid tipping points we shouldn’t rely on it alone.

Slow is debatable, it’s something like 3 orders of magnitude faster than all the current artificial carbon sequestration systems in operation right now combined .

A sizeable fraction of the atmospheric carbon only gets sequestered by geological processes that take thousands of years. Comparing it to the basically nonexistent artificial sequestration is not very helpful.

Re: Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

#159

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Humans are responsible for about 1% of annual co2 emissions. What they said is spot on: the problem would go away in short order if we ceased all emissions today. That’s obviously not going to happen though, and the original argument is spot on too: the technology is just socialised greenwashing. It’s basically only there to postpone legislature and offload the cost to tax payers while keeping private profits high.

>It’s basically only there to postpone legislature and offload the cost to tax payers while keeping private profits high. Not just taxpayers, every living thing has to endure the increasing effect of failed climate preservation. As we have seen there's not really enough taxpayers to make a difference, what's more effective would be voters but there's even far less of them since voting is prohibited most places and pr…

I’m very confused here, did you accidentally respond to the wrong comment? But that’s unlikely too, as you even quoted me…

I disagree with none of your points. The only reason I can imagine for your comment is that you've misunderstood there term green washing perhaps? This is it's official definition:

> Greenwashing, also called "green sheen", is a form of advertising or marketing spin in which green PR and green marketing are deceptively used to persuade the public that an organization's products, aims and policies are environmentally friendly.

The socialized cost I was speaking about wasn't the resulting environmental degradation but the literal cost of both researching the technology and building sites which do it. That's why carbon capture is so beloved by the industry: they can offload the literal costs to society while virtue signaling by giving token support for this pointless effort.

To add another point to the carbon capture fiasco: the energy spent capturing the CO2 is quite significant, so it's not even certain that their CO2 contribution is subtractive at the end.

Re: Direct air capture: our technology to capture CO₂

#160
post #59

Climate scientist David Ho has a good thread on CDR: https://mastodon.world/@davidho/109511745525784891 It's hard for people to visualize removing tons or billions of tons of #carbon #dioxide (CO₂). I propose we talked about CO₂ #removal (CDR) like a #time #machine (e.g., this machine will take us back 5 minutes). For example: Q: How far back in time does planting 100 million #trees take us? A: If one mature tree tak…

Yet I see carbon capture being a top pick in discussions about effective altruism and by the clean air task force. I believe their reasoning is that for the amount of money invested, it remains one of the most efficient investment to decarbonize. I don't know what to do with that information.

Because no one is going to get rich by reducing consumption.
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