FRCP 37
...
(e) Failure to Preserve Electronically Stored Information. If electronically stored information that should have been preserved in the anticipation or conduct of litigation is lost because a party failed to take reasonable steps to preserve it, and it cannot be restored or replaced through additional discovery, the court:
(1) upon finding prejudice to another party from loss of the information, may order measures no greater than necessary to cure the prejudice; or
(2) only upon finding that the party acted with the intent to deprive another party of the information's use in the litigation may:
(A) presume that the lost information was unfavorable to the party;
(B) instruct the jury that it may or must presume the information was unfavorable to the party; or
(C) dismiss the action or enter a default judgment.
Google has been accused of violating FRCP 37(e). USA and State AGs have moved for sanctions in another case against Google in DDC:
https://ia802501.us.archive.org/21/items/gov.uscourts.dcd.22...
https://ia802501.us.archive.org/21/items/gov.uscourts.dcd.22...
In the Epic case the court did not believe that the steps taken to preserve chats were reasonable.
"Consequently, on the record as a whole, the Court concludes that Google did not take reasonable steps to preserve electronically stored information that should have been preserved in the anticipation or conduct of litigation. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(e)."
https://archive.org/download/gov.uscourts.cand.364325/gov.us...