Earlier quoted context omitted.
The rest would be optimization while keeping the timing sidechannel constraint in mind, hard to say what the performance possibilities are. For example not all computations have externally observable side effects, so those parts could be executed conventionally if the runtime could guarantee it. Or the program-visible clock APIs might be keeping virtual time that makes it seem from timing POV that operations are slow…
>not all computations have externally observable side effects You can time any computation. So they all have that side effect. Also, from Javascript you can execute tons of C++ code (e.g. via DOM manipulation). There's no way all of that native code can be guaranteed to run with consistent timing across platforms.
Computations that call into native APIs can be put in the "has observable side effects" category (but in more fine grained treatment, some could have more specific handling).