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A Ponzi scheme pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. The US economy has problems, but I don't see how that's supposed to be one of them. I don't think it's even (in 2023) a good model for BTC, although the adverts I saw for it when I first heard about it around the $250 price absolutely were that, and there are plenty of clone-coins that still do today.
You just described how Social Security in the USA is funded. Its billed as government-run social insurance, but funded as a ponzi.