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Fun with math: Dividing one by 998001 yields a surprising result

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Re: Fun with math: Dividing one by 998001 yields a surprising result

#41

... and 1/9999999800000001 = .00000000 00000001 00000002 00000003 00000004 00000005 00000006 ... 99999996 99999997 99999999 ...repeating Basically, the pattern is 1 over some number of 9s, followed by an 8, followed by the same number of 0s, followed by a 1. So, 1/81, 1/9801, 1/998001, 1/99980001, 1/9999800001, etc.

it's 9x9, 99x99, 999x999, 9999x9999,....

Re: Fun with math: Dividing one by 998001 yields a surprising result

#42
post #10

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Same here! For the category 'pornography'...

We have websense here and it too seems to block perfectly benign things with bogus reasons. This link is categorized as adult content.

IHC is far from benign. They've moved the most explicit stuff to a different domain, but the site is still NSFW, generally.

Re: Fun with math: Dividing one by 998001 yields a surprising result

#44

There's some sleight of hand here. Not all the digits are exactly right. Look how it skips from 997 to 999: http://www.futilitycloset.com/2012/01/08/math-notes-76/ Here's the math. Suppose you want a unit fraction 1/n with decimals that cycle through the 4-digit sequence abcd. Multiply by 10^4 to shift abcd into integer position, leaving repeating copies after the decimal point: 10^4/n = abcd + 1/n Solving for n give…

It's a bit sneaky to say it generates all three-digit numbers when 998 clearly isn't there, but as onedognight pointed out below, the leading 1 from the 1000 which follows 999 will cause 999 to overflow into 1000, which turns the 998 into a 999.

Re: Fun with math: Dividing one by 998001 yields a surprising result

#47
post #20

Earlier quoted context omitted.

For x < 1, 1 + 2x + 3x^2 + 4x^3 + ... converges to 1/(1-x)^2. When x = 0.001, you get 1/.999^2 = 1000000/998001 = 1.002003004005...

Here is a more detailed explanation 1--------- If x = 0.001 then the sum x^2 + 2 x^3 + 3 x^4…. in its decimal places will have all the three digit numbers except the the second last starting with 000,001 and then till 997,999. As pointed out by someone below,the reason 998 is missing is because after 997998999 the next coefficient is 1000.This overflow 1 will carry over and mess up all the nines to the right until it…

A quicker proof is to just differentiate. For |r|
    1 + r + r^2 + ... = 1/(1-r)
Differentiate both sides of the equation:

    1 + 2r + 3r^2 + ... = 1/(1-r)^2
Here's a bijective combinatorial proof, which I like best of all. It uses the concept of generating functions. As a caveat, it only shows the equality for formal power series, not analytic power series.

The series 1 + r + r^2 + ... = 1/(1-r) is the type of tuples with entries in r. Then 1/(1-r)^2 is the type of pairs of tuples (the tuples in a pair need not have the same length). A pair of tuples can be mapped to a single tuple by concatenation. Conversely, a single tuple can be split into a pair of tuples. How many ways can this splitting be done if the tuple has length n? In n+1 ways; for example, the 2-tuple (a,b) can be split into the 3 pairs of tuples ((a,b), ()), ((a), (b)) and ((), (a, b)), which are exactly the pairs that concatenate to (a,b). Thus the bijection from 1 + 2r + ... + (n+1) r^n + ... to 1/(1-r)^2 maps an element of (n+1) r^n, which is an index 0 <= k <= n and an n-tuple, to the pair of tuples gotten from splitting that n-tuple at index k.

Re: Fun with math: Dividing one by 998001 yields a surprising result

#49

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Here is a more detailed explanation 1--------- If x = 0.001 then the sum x^2 + 2 x^3 + 3 x^4…. in its decimal places will have all the three digit numbers except the the second last starting with 000,001 and then till 997,999. As pointed out by someone below,the reason 998 is missing is because after 997998999 the next coefficient is 1000.This overflow 1 will carry over and mess up all the nines to the right until it…

A quicker proof is to just differentiate. For |r| 1 + r + r^2 + ... = 1/(1-r) Differentiate both sides of the equation: 1 + 2r + 3r^2 + ... = 1/(1-r)^2 Here's a bijective combinatorial proof, which I like best of all. It uses the concept of generating functions. As a caveat, it only shows the equality for formal power series, not analytic power series. The series 1 + r + r^2 + ... = 1/(1-r) is the type of tuples with…

Thanks ...the differential proof is very insightful and perhaps says something about differentiation itself.

EDIT 1: Forgive my ignorance but can you please elaborate on

1 + r + r^2 + ... = 1/(1-r) is the type of tuples with entries in r ?

EDIT 2: Okay I think I get it.

1 + r + r2 are the terms in the expansion of (1+r)n

Re: Fun with math: Dividing one by 998001 yields a surprising result

#50

There's no 998 (and it's not a rounding issue)! ... 995 996 997 999

And even the suggested 1/9801 for two digits produces no 98 ... 95 96 97 99 00 01 02 ... And extrapolating it to one digit, 1/81 gives 0.012345679012345679...

Again, the 100 overflows to the 99. This makes the 99 a 100 and then that overflows again and the 98 turns to a 99.
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