First, I think there are two kinds of marketing: 1. "Brute-force" marketing: hit everyone in a wide area with your message, without much consideration for the target audience. The focus is on you and your product/service. 99% of marketing is done this way. 2. "Precision" marketing: acute focus on the target audience with a deep understanding of their desires, needs, and fears. Don't waste time/resources hitting peopl…
I think precision marketing is most effective when used as a holistic strategy. This often means precision marketing dictates what your core business is. Smart precision marketers first pick a niche and figure out what problems people really need solved. Then they confirm if people will buy even before building the solution to that pain.
Most people do things in the opposite order: think up a business idea, build it, then are confused when it is hard to sell to other people. Both methods can succeed, but I think the precision method minimizes the risk of (market) failure.