I'm pretty sure I'm thinking about it right. How much COBOL code can run on a regular Ubuntu machine? What's the package manager for OSS packages? What test frameworks are in common use? You know you're in trouble when "There's a syntax file for VSCode." is the height of your modernity.
I assume GnuCOBOL can run on GNU/Linux. https://gnucobol.sourceforge.io/
https://gnucobol.sourceforge.io/faq/index.html
> GnuCOBOL implements a substantial part of the COBOL 85, COBOL 2002, COBOL 2014 and upcoming COBOL 202x standards, as well as many extensions from existing COBOL compilers.
It's also in the Ubuntu package repos, from a quick check.
The GCC Cobol aspirant recently gained compliance with Cobol-85
https://lwn.net/Articles/922951/
There is active Free Software development on Cobol tools.