> You can't train a language model capable of helping a high school student pass an introductory physics or chemistry class if the training data was filtered to the extent that the same language model can't explain how to build a pipe bomb.
Why not? I'm certain that "introductory physics or chemistry class" doesn't cover pipe bomb construction. There's literally no reason the model needs to even have the vocabulary term "pipe bomb" or all kinds of practical information required to construct one (e.g. explosive recipes, exact chemical make up of household chemicals, impurities and all, etc).
I see a point that restricting training data of such a model might not be able to prevent it from being used to help with subtasks for "inventing" a pipe bomb (e.g. could you suggest a reactions between solids that releases a large amount of potential energy very quickly), but it feels like you'd already have to know so much about pipe bombs at that point to build one yourself without help.
And even then, I'm not sure restricting training data couldn't help. Why train the thing on the reactions used in explosives? Why not leave a gap there, so the only reactions it knows about are only as energetic as the ones that would be performed in a classroom?