Well China gained a very important piece of information and international agreement.
One, that region is considered the countries airspace.
Two, we can distroy and keep spy gear.
Both are useful rules to bring up in the future.
The U-2 and SR-71 both stopped flying due to the risk of being downed and not moral consequences. Similarly the US (probably) stopped spying on allies due to the risk of another whistleblower and not moral reasons.
At the same time, similar events have happened to establish that space spy satillites are okay.
Finally, this is easy to forget esp. if you're a US citizen. Most of the world considers this incident a bit of a joke. Official responses are along standard narrative lines.
But no one really cares, the US reacted like this because it didn't know why China would want to use this balloon to spy and so wants to nip this activity in the bud.