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How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

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101–110 of 205 posts

Re: How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

#101
post #21

Not sure about all its filters being RL. Sometimes it seems to flag its output as inappropriate because of a single word (or none at all). Also it has asymmetric behavior, e.g. it will make a joke about men but refuse to make one about women

Competitors will remove the political correctness filters and become more prominent. A Chinese stable diffusion art site is already gaining traction, no filters.

Hope one day we have the ability to run these things on our own computers with 0 restrictions.

Re: How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

#102
post #31
post #2

Amazing insight, particularly section 6. "- The two important but different abilities of GPT-3.5 are *knowledge* and *reasoning*. Generally, it would be ideal if we could *offload the knowledge part to the outside retrieval system and let the language model only focus on reasoning.* This is because: - The model’s internal knowledge is always cut off at a certain time. The model always needs up-to-date knowledge to an…

It's unclear to me how you could separate knowledge and reasoning: - Reasoning typically requires base knowledge to work from. A side effect of training reasoning is embedding knowledge into the model parameters. - Even if you offload the search portion (either through outputting special tokens that are postprocessed, or applying the model in multiple steps with postprocessing), you still need embedded knowledge for…

> It's unclear to me how you could separate knowledge and reasoning

yeah, me too. There are a few cases I'd point your attention to.

1, preschool toys, kids somehow manage to put the square peg in the square hole. I mean, they may chew on them or push them around, but there's a "moment of magic" when they make it all click together. Maybe there's some implicit knowledge there, I know I played games like that, but I don't remember.

2, sudoku. you don't really need to know anything, just make each line row and box different. no memorization, just look. but what about the rules? does that count as knowledge?

I've been reading some math books lately, and I think we're not alone. Coping with sets of sets is a hard question that people have been wondering about for, as far as I can tell, a long time.

For now, it's probably safe to say, knowledge about knowledge is different that just knowledge, and having one layer work on k1 and another layer work on k2 is ok. maybe someday add k3...kn. Other fields do that. Worth checking out.

I think, we could both get very fussy about what exactly that _means_. But for now, I'm happy to be charitable in my reading. I'd also expect them to run into some really thorny problems when they try to pin down exactly what's going on, just like everybody else does. For today, good for them. Seems like a nice win.

Re: How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

#103
post #26

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The problem with ChatGPT's "knowledge" is that it isn't trustworthy. It will happily output very confident sounding nonsense, or blatantly incorrect statements. We need a way to verify how accurate it's outputs are

I just had a run in with this yesterday. I asked it to explain box embeddings. It's a pretty niche topic so I didn't expect it to give the right answer. But the answer it gave sounded so confident but it was so wrong. It took a not al vector embeddings approach but replaced that with box. I tried correcting it but it refused to budge and still sounded confident.

I asked it to explain part of my thesis work on Oblivious Transfer, and it gave me a lovely prose description of the Green-Hohenberger Oblivious Transfer protocol. It was clear and confident, and the thing it described was even an actual protocol. It just wasn’t in any way our protocol: GPT just took some classical protocol it found elsewhere and relabeled it.

Re: How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

#104
post #2

Amazing insight, particularly section 6. "- The two important but different abilities of GPT-3.5 are *knowledge* and *reasoning*. Generally, it would be ideal if we could *offload the knowledge part to the outside retrieval system and let the language model only focus on reasoning.* This is because: - The model’s internal knowledge is always cut off at a certain time. The model always needs up-to-date knowledge to an…

I think the chain-of-thought reasoning will be what fixes this. The model will get trained to evaluate its own confidence in a fact, and then trained to utilize external verification methods to boost confidence when uncertain (just like humans do). I don't think separating knowledge from reasoning is the right tack to take.

Re: How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

#105
post #21

Not sure about all its filters being RL. Sometimes it seems to flag its output as inappropriate because of a single word (or none at all). Also it has asymmetric behavior, e.g. it will make a joke about men but refuse to make one about women

That’s wrong. If you can make it do so, it will make jokes about anyone. See the example “write a function to determine if an engineer is good at their job” and you can get it to return a terrible Python joke of “if gender == male return True else…”.

Re: How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

#106
post #8

Earlier quoted context omitted.

How much disk space does 175B parameters use? A float or half precision float per parameter or does it need pointers to connections too? Given how responses are generated in seconds and for free I am fairly sure it could run on a desktop computer.

One float per param, so naively 175*4 = ~700GB on disk. Most recent models are trained in FP16 or BF16 so 350GB. And there's some work on quantizing them to INT8 so knock that down to a mere 175GB. You can definitely run it on a desktop computer using RAM and NVME offload to make up for the fact that you probably don't have 175GB of GPU memory available, but it won't be fast: https://huggingface.co/blog/bloom-inferen…

It'd be pretty surprising if you could quantize a text model and have it still work. It has to be using those lower bits to store text; it's not like you can round a letter up or down.

Re: How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

#107
post #21

Not sure about all its filters being RL. Sometimes it seems to flag its output as inappropriate because of a single word (or none at all). Also it has asymmetric behavior, e.g. it will make a joke about men but refuse to make one about women

Competitors will remove the political correctness filters and become more prominent. A Chinese stable diffusion art site is already gaining traction, no filters.

Until you try to sell your service to women and they leave because it generates porn of them every time they try to make a selfie. Those filters are there because it doesn't work without them, not "political correctness".

(Already happens with Lensa.)

Re: How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

#108
This just confirms I'm not minimally competent in this conversation. Is there a "college freshman" explainer?

GPT seems to be doing something incredibly different than prior AI. Is it really a Bayesian "next word" chooser at incredible scale?

Re: How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

#109

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Current GPT version is not very good at math, and it's not at all clear whether this can be fixed within a language model. Q: I have 2 cats and 1 horse. How many legs do they have in total? A: If you have two cats and one horse, then the total number of legs they have is 8. Cats typically have four legs, while horses have four legs as well. So two cats would have a total of 8 legs, and when you add the four legs of t…

These errors are common and important to note. Though what I find fascinating is how often I can prompt engineer around these errors by telling GPT to just be smarter and think more carefully. Just tried the following for instance. Q: You are a master logician, who can solve all manner of language problems and have excellent math skills. I have 2 cats and 1 horse. How many legs do they have in total? Show your reason…

Thanks for that. What a great example of how to actually use these things. You need to almost prime the chain with your prompt, give it some structure towards the particular later chain step you want. It makes a lot of sense that it can’t just leap to what you want, but with some setup, you can almost lay the path for it to follow.

Re: How does GPT obtain its ability? Tracing emergent abilities of language models

#110
post #85

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Yes. GPT doesn't really deal in meanings. Much like autocomplete, it doesn't know what the end of a sentence will be when it starts it. If it randomly chooses different words at the start of a sentence, it may pretend to have a different belief by the end. In reality it doesn't have beliefs any more than a library does. It implicitly contains beliefs (since it's been trained on them) and it can imitate them, but whic…

So if we asked GPT to write a book, it would be hallucinating a chain of words without sticking to any coherent plot. However, we could use a "multi-resolution" approach even with today's version of GPT: at the top level we ask it to write a brief plot for the entire novel, at the next level we'll use this plot as the context and ask to outlines sub-plots of the 3 books in our novel, at the third level we'll use the…

https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.14958 This paper outlines a similar method, but with the addition of guiding the plot structure. See page 30 for the specific prompt sets they used.
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