These are emergency broadcast alerts. Different countries have different laws on these - and in some countries you might not even be able to disable them. Just because its listed under "Apps & notifications"/"Wireless emergency alerts", it doesn't mean they are "user settings". Its not necessarily the local "carrier" that turned the settings on, its more that connecting to a cell tower in a particular jurisdiction ca…
Buuuuut, these alerts are LTE/5G only, so I’ve set up an iPhone automation to switch my phone to 3G in the evening and back to whatever in the morning to avoid alerts at night. I’ll cry when 3G gets shutdown.