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Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

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Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#131

Is there a real world outcome to this result?

I think it's fair to say that this could lead to certain new things becoming known about the distribution of primes. This could have implications for cryptographic algorithms that depend on prime numbers being hard to find.

> depend on prime numbers being hard to find

That depend on large semiprimes being hard to factor.

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#132
post #78

Math used to be a young person game, but it now requires so much knowledge just to get to the frontiers of human knowledge, not to speak of making a dent into uncharted territory, that results are being obtained later and later in life. When mathematicians have had time to accrue sufficient knowledge while still being sharp enough to make the intellectual leap. The sad part is that as the trend continues we may reach…

While I get what you're saying, and clearly there is "more stuff", I think we shouldn't discount how progress can make things simpler on this front. Proofs we learn are usually much more refined than the original versions. Notational improvements and more interesting abstractions mean we can cover more ground more quickly.

Another angle here, I remember seeing a study where some children were just... taught algebra. Like given high school algebra classes in 3rd grade, and kids were able to absorb all that abstract reasoning "just fine" (according to the study).

Of course there's only so much abstraction that can be done, but I think we shouldn't assume we are at the end of history on much of anything (except for parsing algorithms)

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#133

Earlier quoted context omitted.

RSA depends on large prime factors being hard to recover from their product.

If it were just that, it would be trivial to break. It's the fact you generate the key after a modulus operation that makes it difficult to recover.

Nope. The public key is not reduced mod anything in RSA. The large semiprime the user calculates is emitted explicitly as part of the public key and is used as a modulus in RSA operations.

Factoring that large integer directly yields the user's private key.

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#134

Two additional notes: 1. Zhang posted an attempt at solving this problem in 2007 that he later more or less admitted was flawed: https://mathoverflow.net/questions/131221/yitang-zhangs-2007... . But speaking with mathematicians who are intimately familiar with Zhang's previous work, there seems to be good reason to be optimistic nevertheless. First, the idea behind Zhang's proof is similar to the zero-repulsion ideas…

It's also unclear how much of Zhang's recent work is recent ideas, vs ideas he had decades ago but only were made presentable recently.

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#135

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Someone needs to make a movie about his life, or at least a documentary.

Sadly, they would probably make it a schmaltzy Oscar-grab of a movie, like they did with Ramanujan's story.

The Eternal Triangle, With Brigitte Bardot playing part of hypotenuse.

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#136

There was a scientist who did his best stuff while he was working as a patent clerk.

Patent clerk (at least back then) is a more skilled job than it sounds, as it's someone that actually reviews the patents rather than just a general office dogsbody, so you have to understand the technology and to some extent the science in those patents. It's not totally unrelated to being a scientist and definitely a less surprising early career job than delivery driver.

A patent clerk now is a technical job as well. It’s a flaw in peoples thinking that “clerk” implies something low rank.

If someone tells you they were a “clerk” for a Supreme Court judge don’t be surprised when later in life they have an impressive legal career

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#137
post #67

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I think it's fair to say that this could lead to certain new things becoming known about the distribution of primes. This could have implications for cryptographic algorithms that depend on prime numbers being hard to find.

Careful, prime numbers are not hard to find. Like, try openssl prime -generate -bits 2048 Congratulations, you just found a prime that is big enough for every cryptographic protocol that uses prime numbers (not counting unusual and non-deployed post-quantum proposals). Some number theory research may impact the security of cryptosystems, but not all results do.

That doesn't quite generate a prime. It generates a number that's a prime with a very high probability. There's always a small chance that it's not prime but it's good enough given the tradeoffs needed to verify that it's prime with 100% certainty.

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#138
post #50
post #32

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It's the moral equivalent of making major headway against P!=NP; or, proving that there are no global hidden variables in QM; or, that there's a clear path ("just engineering") to room-temperature semiconductors.

>room-temperature semiconductors I suppose superconductors. Semiconductors are well in the room temperature regions :)

the path is just really, really clear

Re: Monumental (if correct) advance in number theory posted to ArXiv by Yitang Zhang

#139
post #78

Math used to be a young person game, but it now requires so much knowledge just to get to the frontiers of human knowledge, not to speak of making a dent into uncharted territory, that results are being obtained later and later in life. When mathematicians have had time to accrue sufficient knowledge while still being sharp enough to make the intellectual leap. The sad part is that as the trend continues we may reach…

While there is a boundless, growing amount of prior work, from (an interested) outsiders point of view there also seems to be progress on discoverability and formalisations around how this is expressed. Building on the abstractions of others seems like it would provide an environment for _more_ novel work.

The abstractions need to be understood, but potentially only to a level of n-1. Isn't this one of the core principles of proofs?

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