in the US I find it strange that the mortgage interest rate is almost always fixed for the life of the mortgage. If you took a mortgage at 2% which is well above the Fed's interest rate, then isn't the lender loosing money? Or is that not how it works? I'm from the UK where mortgages can fixed for a definite period, usually 2-5 years, then it changes to a variable rate mortgage (with the same provider), but there's a…
It's policy. The New Deal created a secondary mortgage market through Fannie Mae (and later Freddy Mac) that normalized mortgages to 30 year fixed. There are many ways to structure mortgages in the US and not all mortgages are fixed, but the typical mortgage is because those mortgages are the most liquid given the structure of the US secondary mortgage market.