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Harvard 1869 entrance exam

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Re: Harvard 1869 entrance exam

#31
> What is the reason that when different powers of the same quantity are multiplied together their exponents are added?

As a math professor, I think this is a great question. Students learn that math is about manipulating formulas and equations, or about excessive formalities. But being able to explain simple arithmetic facts in clear and plain English is often neglected, and is of the utmost value.

Re: Harvard 1869 entrance exam

#32

In a way, this reinforces my hypothesis that Latin in traditional Western higher education was never quite so much about Latin itself as it was about gaining a deeper understanding and greater praxis of your native tongue by reading its source code.

Uhm, what? You couldn't be more off. Traditionally, any liberal arts education would include extensive familiarity with the classics. That means Plato & Dante, at the minimum, whether a BA or BS. You were expected to know Latin and Greek because you were expected to read Latin and Greek. If you were pursuing a BS, then perhaps you would read Euclid's "Elements" instead of Thucydides' "The History of the Peloponnesian…

Dante wrote in (what we now call) Italian.

Re: Harvard 1869 entrance exam

#33

Earlier quoted context omitted.

That isn't true. Only the history/geography was recall. Latin translation and geometric proofs aren't regurgitation.

Actually from a cursory look at the Latin part, it seemed that all of the sentences and things they chose for you to translate were very specific cases of applying rules. Maybe a bit harder than some of the other stuff, but still regurgitation.

look at the bigger picture: there is a lot to be said about mastering a classical language to such a degree that you can translate these sentences back. Sure, on the surface it looks simplistic, but students with such a command of Latin would equally possess a rich knowledge in Roman and European history and culture through the process of acquiring classical Latin. Someone mentioned "modern history" missing...well, maybe because they still thought highly of the renaissance value of "ad fontes"?

Re: Harvard 1869 entrance exam

#34

> What is the reason that when different powers of the same quantity are multiplied together their exponents are added? As a math professor, I think this is a great question. Students learn that math is about manipulating formulas and equations, or about excessive formalities. But being able to explain simple arithmetic facts in clear and plain English is often neglected, and is of the utmost value.

Who here can come up with the most concise explanation?

Re: Harvard 1869 entrance exam

#35
post #34

> What is the reason that when different powers of the same quantity are multiplied together their exponents are added? As a math professor, I think this is a great question. Students learn that math is about manipulating formulas and equations, or about excessive formalities. But being able to explain simple arithmetic facts in clear and plain English is often neglected, and is of the utmost value.

Who here can come up with the most concise explanation?

Me, me! Let me try!

    X^N * X^M
    = N copies of X, multiplied by M copies of X
    = N+M copies of X multiplied together
    = X^(N+M)

Re: Harvard 1869 entrance exam

#36

> What is the reason that when different powers of the same quantity are multiplied together their exponents are added? As a math professor, I think this is a great question. Students learn that math is about manipulating formulas and equations, or about excessive formalities. But being able to explain simple arithmetic facts in clear and plain English is often neglected, and is of the utmost value.

Do you actually find college students that don't know what an exponent is?

I feel like anybody with a basic understanding of what an exponent represents should be able to explain why you add exponents.

Re: Harvard 1869 entrance exam

#37

> What is the reason that when different powers of the same quantity are multiplied together their exponents are added? As a math professor, I think this is a great question. Students learn that math is about manipulating formulas and equations, or about excessive formalities. But being able to explain simple arithmetic facts in clear and plain English is often neglected, and is of the utmost value.

That question stood out to me as a particularly bad question. What is the answer supposed to be? I completely understand how multiplication of exponents works, but I have no idea how to describe the "reason." You can give a simple algebraic proof quite easily (especially if we're just dealing with integer exponents), but unless "reason" had a more specific mathematical meaning in that time, it seems like a very vague question to me.

Re: Harvard 1869 entrance exam

#38
post #34

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Who here can come up with the most concise explanation?

Me, me! Let me try! X^N * X^M = N copies of X, multiplied by M copies of X = N+M copies of X multiplied together = X^(N+M)

That's not very rigorous, especially with fractional (or God forbid, irrational) exponents.

Re: Harvard 1869 entrance exam

#39

In a way, this reinforces my hypothesis that Latin in traditional Western higher education was never quite so much about Latin itself as it was about gaining a deeper understanding and greater praxis of your native tongue by reading its source code.

I think Latin was just a big part of the "culture of the educated." Sure, they could read Latin literature, but they could easily just translate those into English and study English grammar and vocabulary.

Re: Harvard 1869 entrance exam

#40
post #34

> What is the reason that when different powers of the same quantity are multiplied together their exponents are added? As a math professor, I think this is a great question. Students learn that math is about manipulating formulas and equations, or about excessive formalities. But being able to explain simple arithmetic facts in clear and plain English is often neglected, and is of the utmost value.

Who here can come up with the most concise explanation?

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