Vs
Heroku with cloudflare in front Postgres from heroku and memcached with an add on.
1. Very little. I put the app in docker a long time ago for local development but still used heroku for prod. I dumped my db and imported it into a docker run db on Hetzner. One thing to note: I did not expose the db to the internet. The app connects to the db over a docker network.
2. I do DevOps for a living.
3. It did not add to my learning.
4. $30/month for a large Hetzner dedicated instance and $12 for S3 (backups) vs $25 for the app (I added 2 more for 8 hours a day during busy season) and $25 for a job runner and whatever they were charging for DB. My total cost now is $42/month and on Heroku it was around $120 during busy season and $100 during non busy season.
5. Rails Postgres memcached and delayed job. I had to expand my app tier during busy season by up to 3 instances (winter). With my load testing the Hetzner instance handles much more than the 3 instances ever did in my load testing.
6. I added db dump cron jobs along with restic backups to S3.