> Is there something we can do when learning new information that will help make it "sticky"?
For me, a big part of learning a new word involves creating chunks. Those chunks then form bigger chunks. Let's use 辞書 as an example: 辞 is talking/words (and also used as kanji for quitting) and 書 is books. So word book = dictionary.
The kanjis are also broken down by radicals. 辞 is 舌 (tongue) + 辛 (spicy). There isn't a logical connection between the combination of radicals and the kanji, so I'd make a memorable story instead [1]. Thus the only things I have to purely memorize are the radicals.
I go through above process when I'm creating a card and I believe the process itself helps me learn the word much faster than just rote memorization. Of course, you need to start using the word in your daily life too!
Edit:
[1] When I create a story, I close my eyes and try to imagine the story happening as vividly as possible. I also have a rule where radicals in the story must appear in the same order as in the kanji